Biology Quiz: Diffusion and Transport Mechanisms

The passive movement of molecules from a higher concentration area to a lower concentration area, driven by kinetic energy.

Movement of molecules across a membrane with the help of transport proteins, still passive.

Molecules moving across a membrane without the help of transport proteins, also driven by a concentration gradient.

High blood sugar levels; often associated with inadequate insulin.

Proteins in cell membranes that facilitate the movement of glucose into cells.

A condition where the body doesn't produce enough insulin; thus, impacting glucose transport.

A type of endocytosis where a cell engulfs a substance or another cell. Not mentioned directly in the context of facilitated diffusion, but a cellular process.

Proteins facilitating the passage of a substance across a membrane.

Inflammation lasting for days to years. It involves angiogenesis, tissue necrosis, and fibrosis (scarring).

The formation of new blood vessels, a characteristic of chronic inflammation.

Cell death due to injury or disease, common in chronic inflammation.

The formation of scar tissue, a repair process that can occur in chronic inflammation.

Cells lining blood vessels. They control leukocyte extravasation and communicate with immune system.

White blood cells (leukocytes) leaving blood vessels to reach the site of inflammation.

Platelets become active in response to injury, releasing inflammatory mediators.

Attracting cells, like neutrophils to the site of inflammation.

Phagocytosis is a process where cells engulf and destroy microorganisms, damaged cells, or other particles.

Phagocytes are cells that perform phagocytosis, such as macrophages and neutrophils.

Cotransport is a process where the movement of one molecule across a membrane is coupled with the movement of another molecule.

Diffusion is the movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration.

Ion channels are proteins that form open pathways through cell membranes, allowing ions to move.

Exocytosis is a process where cells release substances from within into the extracellular fluid.

Secretory granules are membrane-bound sacs inside cells that contain substances to be released by exocytosis.

Exocytosis releases cellular debris and synthesized substances like hormones.

A blue-colored line along the gum margins, indicating lead poisoning.

A heart condition where the aortic valve narrows, restricting blood flow.

The deposition of calcium salts in damaged tissue.

A disease that involves narrowing of arteries due to plaque buildup.

A buildup of calcium on the aortic valve, a common cause of aortic stenosis in older people.

A condition caused by exposure to lead, affecting various bodily systems, including the gums.

A condition where calcium deposits in normal tissues due to high blood calcium levels.

Aortic stenosis can be caused by various factors, including calcification, congenital heart defects, and rheumatic fever.

A resting state in which cells exit the cell cycle, becoming mitotically quiescent. Cells may re-enter the cell cycle driven by external signals.

Highly specialized cells which have reached their final functional state and do not divide further.

The regulation of the cell cycle, ensuring proper progression through each phase.

Proteins that regulate entry and progression through the cell cycle.

A change in the DNA sequence during cell division.

In infants, even a slight fever can indicate a serious infection due to their immature immune system.

Neonates (newborn babies) are especially at risk for serious infections like bacteremia or meningitis, even if their fever is low.

Elderly individuals can have a muted fever response, meaning they might not have a high temperature despite a serious infection.

Antipyretics, medications that lower fever, are effective in treating fever in infants, even though they may not always lower the core temperature.

Moderate fever can actually enhance immune function by helping the body fight off infection.

Infants are capable of thermoregulation (regulating body temperature).

Fever in newborns isn't necessarily a sign of a congenital disorder (birth defect).

Younger children are more likely to get infected with virulent organisms, which are microbes that can cause serious illness.