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Biology Quiz: Cells and Systems

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Questions and Answers

What are the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and distinct organelles.

Describe the process of mitosis and its significance in the cell cycle.

Mitosis involves stages such as prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, leading to the division of one cell into two identical daughter cells.

Compare and contrast photosynthesis and cellular respiration in terms of their equations and locations.

Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts and can be summarized by the equation $6CO_2 + 6H_2O ightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2$, while cellular respiration occurs in mitochondria with the equation $C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 ightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP$.

What is the difference between benign and malignant tumors?

<p>Benign tumors are non-cancerous and do not spread to other parts of the body, while malignant tumors are cancerous and can invade surrounding tissues and metastasize.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do stem cells play in development and how do embryonic stem cells differ from tissue stem cells?

<p>Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can develop into various cell types; embryonic stem cells are pluripotent and can become any cell type, whereas tissue stem cells are multipotent and are limited to specific tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Mitosis

A type of cell division where one parent cell divides into two identical daughter cells, ensuring the same number of chromosomes in each.

Cancer

Uncontrolled cell growth and division, often leading to the formation of tumors. Can be benign (non-spreading) or malignant (spreading).

Stem Cells

Undifferentiated cells capable of developing into various specialized cell types, with potential for regenerative medicine and treating diseases.

Cellular Respiration

The process where cells break down glucose in the presence of oxygen to release energy (ATP) for vital functions. Takes place in the mitochondria.

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Photosynthesis

The process where plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce glucose as energy and oxygen as a byproduct. Occurs in chloroplasts.

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Study Notes

Diagrams

animal/plant cell
digestive system
respiratory system
heart

Topics

prokaryotes/eukaryotes
animal/plant cell parts and function
diffusion/osmosis
asexual vs. sexual reproduction
cell theory
cell cycle
mitosis (stages)
cancer (benign vs malignant, metastasis)
specialized cells (animal vs plant hierarchy)
stem cells (embryonic, tissue, pluripotent)
digestive/respiratory/circulatory systems
tissue types
earthworm/frog dissections
organ transplants
musculoskeletal/nervous systems
cellular respiration (equation, purpose, location)
plant parts and function
plant tissues
photosynthesis (equation, purpose, location)
stomata (function)
photosynthesis vs. cellular respiration (comparison)

Questions

#1-32, 35-37, 39, 41, 45, 48-50, 51, 53-55, 59, 60, 62, 65 (a-b), 66, 68, 77, 78

Test

Friday, Dec 13th

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