Biology Quiz: Cells and Organ Systems

Cells & Systems SLO 1

• This unit investigates living things' structure, function, and organization.
• The table of contents outlines: What makes something living?, Scientific studies of living things, Organisms as systems, Similar functions, different structures, Class activity, and Key takeaways.
• An introduction to the unit and its topic—Investigating living things: structure, function, and organization.
• The body organs are investigated to understand structure, function, and organization
• Galen, a doctor to gladiators in 129-216AD, documented the human internal structure.
• Biology, the study of living things, is the largest branch of science.
  • Possible careers that involve biology
• Key characteristics of living things distinguished from nonliving things:
  • Made of cells
  • Require energy
  • Grow and develop
  • Respond to their environment
  • Reproduce
  • Produce waste
• Key characteristics - Life process #1: Life is made of cells
  • All living things are made of at least one cell; cells are basic building blocks of life
  • Example: Humans are made up of trillions of cells while bacteria are unicellular.
• Key characteristics - Life process #2: Require energy
  • Living things need energy for growth, repair, movement, and reproduction
  • Example: Humans get energy from food; plants get energy from the sun.
• Key characteristics - Life process #3: Grow and develop
  • Living things grow and change in form or function over time
  • Example: Caterpillars grow and change into butterflies (metamorphosis); a sunflower grows from a seed to a giant sunflower.
• Key characteristics - Life Process #4: Respond to their environment
  • Living things react to stimuli from their environment.
  • Example: Plants grow toward light; leaves fold if there is too much sun; humans sweat when they're hot.
• Key characteristics - Life process #5: Reproduce
  • Living things reproduce to continue their species. Reproduction can be sexual or asexual.
  • Example: Humans reproduce sexually; bacteria reproduce by binary fission (asexual).
• Key characteristics - Life process #6: Produce waste
  • Living things eliminate waste products from their bodies.
  • Example: Humans excrete waste in the form of urine, feces, and carbon dioxide. Sunflowers release oxygen through stomata
• Scientific studies of living things: Observing, data collection, and analysis
  • Observing the organism in its natural environment (e.g., how a plant grows in different conditions of light and water)
  • Collecting data by measuring physical traits, behaviours, measurable factors(e.g., counting frogs, measuring their size, observing behaviours).
  • Analysis, looking for patterns, trends (e.g., frogs are more abundant in clean water).
• Example of a local scientific study: Frog population study in local ponds to assess the health of the ecosystem.
• Organisms as systems: Definition and organization
  • Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organism
• Organisms as systems: Levels of Organization. Specialized cells.
• Organisms as systems: Example: Human digestive system
• Comparing Organisms: Structure & Function
  • Functions like breathing, food gathering, and movement similar but may use different structures.
  • Example: Humans breathe air with lungs and fish extract oxygen from water using gills.
• Organism Comparison Project: example
  • Choosing a local organism (plant, insect, or animal), researching characteristics, structure and function, and comparison with other organisms.
• Key Takeaways:
  • Living things have shared characteristics (cells, energy, reproduction)
  • Organisms are made up of systems (cells, tissues, organs) working together to maintain life.
  • Similar functions can be achieved by different structures, depending on the organism's environment

Cells & Systems SLO 2

• This unit explores the role of cells within living things
• The table of contents outlines: The role of cells as the basic unit of life, Parts of the cell, Microscopes, Single-celled vs. multicellular organisms, Plant vs. animal cells, Diffusion and osmosis, and How cells, tissues, and organs work together
• Introduction to the unit
• Focus Questions
  • How can you make sense of the vast diversity of living things?
  • What do living things have in common?
  • How do cells work together?
• What will be learned?
  • Basic structures and function of cells
  • Differences between plant and animal cells
  • How cells, tissues, organs work together.
  • Diffusion and osmosis in cells
• Why it matters
  • Understanding cells helps with how living organisms grow, develop, and stay healthy
    • Foundation for many areas of biology, health, and medicine
• The role of cells as the basic unit of life
  • Cells: Smallest unit of life that can carry out necessary life functions all living organisms are made of one or more cells, cells are the foundation for growth, development, and reproduction. Cells have specific structures (organelles) that function in various life processes like metabolism, energy production, responding to stimuli. Whether it's a single-celled or multicellular organism, cells perform life functions.
• Parts of a cell
  • Nucleus, Cell Membrane, Cell Wall, Cytoplasm, Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi Apparatus, Lysosomes, Vacuoles, Chloroplasts
• Microscopes
  • Instruments used to magnify small objects/organisms, enabling studying cells and microorganisms, impacting biological processes. -Historical Development First lenses, Compound microscope, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, Robert Hooke, Electron microscopes. -Parts of the microscope Ocular Lens (Eyepiece), Objective Lenses, Stage, Stage Clips, Coarse Adjustment Knob, Fine Adjustment Knob, Diaphragm, Light Source, Base and Arm
• How to operate a microscope Starting with low power, Placing the slide, Using the coarse & fine adjustment knobs, Looking through the eyepiece and adjusting the focus, Switching to higher power, Adjusting light, Safety tips.
• Preparing Wet Mount Slides Procedure (place drop of water, add specimen, cover with slip) Materials (microscope slide, cover slip, water, specimen)
• Single-celled vs. Multicellular Organisms
  • Single-celled organisms rely on one cell for all life functions.
  • Multicellular organisms have specialized cells working together to form tissues, organs, and systems .
  • Example Comparison (Amoeba, Grizzly Bear)
• Plant vs. Animal Cells
  • Similarities - nucleus, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes, cytoplasm.
  • Differences Plant cells have cell walls, chloroplasts, and large vacuoles; animal cells lack these structures, but they're flexible and mobile.
• Diffusion and Osmosis
  • Diffusion: Movement of particles from high to low concentration, energy-free
  • Osmosis: Water movement across a selectively permeable membrane from low to high solute concentration
  • Importance of diffusion and osmosis for maintaining homeostasis.
• How cells, tissues, and organs work together
  • Cells form tissues which form organs for complex functions
  • Example Organs working together in the digestive or excretory system

Cells & Systems SLO 3

• This unit describes human body systems.
• The table of contents outlines: Introduction to human body systems, Circulatory system, Respiratory system, Digestive & excretory system, Sensory system, Role of Cells in Body Systems, and Internal & External Stimuli .
• Introduction to human body systems
  • Definition: Systems are groups of organs working together essential for life.
  • Interconnected systems that rely on each other to maintain homeostasis
• Key systems and their function
  • Respiratory, Circulatory, Digestive, Sensory, etc.
  • Definition, Parts, how they work together (Digestive/Excretory, Circulatory/Respiratory example)

Cells & Systems SLO 4

• This unit explores scientific advances and medical innovations.

• The table of contents outlines: Scientific Investigation: body systems, Improvements in human health from research, Factors affecting body system health, Investigating body systems, and Summary and Reflection questions.

• Scientific investigation

  • Overview of scientific investigations in human cells, organs, and systems
  • Advances in medical technologies, treatments, and cures , preventative measures
  • Examples of research (cancer cells, stem cells, heart's electrical activity, liver regeneration)

• Improvements in human health from research

  • Advances in medicine (antibiotics, insulin, antiviral drugs, vaccines)
  • Advances in nutrition (dietary research, fortified foods, specialized diets)
  • Impact on human health (extended life expectancy, improved quality of life, reduced infant mortality)

• Factors affecting body system health

  • Illness (e.g., asthma, pneumonia, hypertension, atherosclerosis)
  • Lifestyle factors (sedentary habits, smoking)
  • Aging (reduced lung function, stiffer arteries)

• Investigating body systems

  • Methods used by scientists
  • Examples (how pollution affects respiratory system, cholesterol-lowering drug research)

• Summary and Reflection Questions

  • Reflection questions

Test your knowledge on the characteristics of multicellular and single-celled organisms, as well as the various functions of plant and animal cells. This quiz covers concepts related to diffusion, osmosis, and biological systems, providing a comprehensive overview of essential biology topics.