Biology Quiz: Cells and Organ Systems

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Questions and Answers

What is a key characteristic distinguishing multicellular organisms from single-celled organisms?

Single-celled organisms can perform photosynthesis.

Single-celled organisms rely on cooperation between different cells.

Multicellular organisms have specialized cells that form tissues. (correct)

Multicellular organisms only consist of one type of cell.

Which of the following is NOT a feature unique to plant cells?

Mitochondria (correct)

Cell wall

Large vacuoles

Chloroplasts

How do animals obtain food compared to plants?

Animals consume other organisms, while plants make their own food. (correct)

Plants consume other organisms for nutrients.

Animals produce their own food from sunlight.

Both obtain food through photosynthesis.

What process allows oxygen to move from the lungs into the blood?

Diffusion Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in plant cells is primarily responsible for making food from sunlight?

Chloroplasts Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of animal cells allows for greater flexibility and mobility?

Absence of a cell wall Signup and view all the answers

What function do vacuoles serve in plant cells?

Storage and maintaining cell pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between diffusion and osmosis?

Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane. Signup and view all the answers

What do the findings of frog population studies indicate about ecosystems?

Frogs are more common in clean water. Signup and view all the answers

Which level of organization is responsible for performing a specific function by combining different tissues?

Organs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a system in biological terms?

An interconnected group of parts that work together to achieve a function. Signup and view all the answers

What specialized function do the cells that line the stomach perform?

They secrete digestive juices. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the human digestive system as an organ system?

To process food and extract nutrients. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a level of biological organization mentioned?

Ecosystems Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells combine to form lung tissue?

Lung cells Signup and view all the answers

In which environment do frogs more often tend to thrive?

In clean water. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the nucleus in a cell?

To control cell activities and store genetic material Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for energy production within a cell?

Mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

How do multicellular organisms benefit from specialization of cells?

By forming tissues and organs with distinct functions Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the cell membrane?

To control the entry and exit of substances Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a part of the cell mentioned in the content?

Plasmid Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cell wall in plant cells?

To provide structural support and rigidity Signup and view all the answers

Which substance fills the cell and contains organelles?

Cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

What analogy is used to describe the function of cells?

Workers in a factory Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following dietary changes is recommended for managing high blood pressure?

Adopting a low-sodium diet Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary benefit of fortified foods?

They help prevent nutrient deficiencies Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is a result of aging affecting the respiratory system?

Reduced lung capacity Signup and view all the answers

What function does the diaphragm serve in a microscope?

Adjusts the amount of light passing through the specimen Signup and view all the answers

Which step should be performed first when operating a microscope?

Start with low power magnification Signup and view all the answers

Which lifestyle factor contributes to the risk of developing heart disease?

Sedentary habits Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of high-fat or low-fiber diets on the digestive system?

Increased risk of gallstones Signup and view all the answers

What is the proper method to prepare a wet mount slide?

Hold the cover slip at a 45° angle when lowering it Signup and view all the answers

What significant impact can prenatal nutrition and care advancements have on human health?

Reduced infant mortality Signup and view all the answers

What can result from using the coarse adjustment knob on high power?

Damage to the slide or the microscope lens Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes single-celled organisms?

Capable of performing all life functions with only one cell Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about atherosclerosis is true?

It reduces blood flow due to plaque build-up Signup and view all the answers

What role does hydration play in digestive health?

It is critical for efficient digestion and waste removal Signup and view all the answers

How should a specimen be secured before viewing under a microscope?

Using stage clips to hold it in place Signup and view all the answers

What provides illumination for viewing a slide in a microscope?

The light source Signup and view all the answers

Which is a key difference between multicellular organisms and single-celled organisms?

Multicellular organisms consist of multiple cells performing specialized roles Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

Exchange gases between the body and the environment Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is primarily responsible for gas exchange in the respiratory system?

Alveoli Signup and view all the answers

What role does the diaphragm play in the respiratory system?

Controls lung expansion and contraction Signup and view all the answers

Which structure prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing?

Epiglottis Signup and view all the answers

Which systems work closely to ensure proper oxygen supply to the cells?

Respiratory and Circulatory Systems Signup and view all the answers

What substance binds to hemoglobin in the blood during respiration?

Oxygen Signup and view all the answers

How does air travel from the mouth into the lungs?

Nasal Cavity → Pharynx → Bronchi → Alveoli Signup and view all the answers

What additional role does the liver have in relation to the digestive system?

Detoxifies substances like alcohol Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cells & Systems SLO 1

This unit investigates living things' structure, function, and organization.
The table of contents outlines: What makes something living?, Scientific studies of living things, Organisms as systems, Similar functions, different structures, Class activity, and Key takeaways.
An introduction to the unit and its topic—Investigating living things: structure, function, and organization.
The body organs are investigated to understand structure, function, and organization
Galen, a doctor to gladiators in 129-216AD, documented the human internal structure.
Biology, the study of living things, is the largest branch of science.
- Possible careers that involve biology
Key characteristics of living things distinguished from nonliving things:
- Made of cells
- Require energy
- Grow and develop
- Respond to their environment
- Reproduce
- Produce waste
Key characteristics - Life process #1: Life is made of cells
- All living things are made of at least one cell; cells are basic building blocks of life
- Example: Humans are made up of trillions of cells while bacteria are unicellular.
Key characteristics - Life process #2: Require energy
- Living things need energy for growth, repair, movement, and reproduction
- Example: Humans get energy from food; plants get energy from the sun.
Key characteristics - Life process #3: Grow and develop
- Living things grow and change in form or function over time
- Example: Caterpillars grow and change into butterflies (metamorphosis); a sunflower grows from a seed to a giant sunflower.
Key characteristics - Life Process #4: Respond to their environment
- Living things react to stimuli from their environment.
- Example: Plants grow toward light; leaves fold if there is too much sun; humans sweat when they're hot.
Key characteristics - Life process #5: Reproduce
- Living things reproduce to continue their species. Reproduction can be sexual or asexual.
- Example: Humans reproduce sexually; bacteria reproduce by binary fission (asexual).
Key characteristics - Life process #6: Produce waste
- Living things eliminate waste products from their bodies.
- Example: Humans excrete waste in the form of urine, feces, and carbon dioxide. Sunflowers release oxygen through stomata
Scientific studies of living things: Observing, data collection, and analysis
- Observing the organism in its natural environment (e.g., how a plant grows in different conditions of light and water)
- Collecting data by measuring physical traits, behaviours, measurable factors(e.g., counting frogs, measuring their size, observing behaviours).
- Analysis, looking for patterns, trends (e.g., frogs are more abundant in clean water).
Example of a local scientific study: Frog population study in local ponds to assess the health of the ecosystem.
Organisms as systems: Definition and organization
- Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organism
Organisms as systems: Levels of Organization. Specialized cells.
Organisms as systems: Example: Human digestive system
Comparing Organisms: Structure & Function
- Functions like breathing, food gathering, and movement similar but may use different structures.
- Example: Humans breathe air with lungs and fish extract oxygen from water using gills.
Organism Comparison Project: example
- Choosing a local organism (plant, insect, or animal), researching characteristics, structure and function, and comparison with other organisms.
Key Takeaways:
- Living things have shared characteristics (cells, energy, reproduction)
- Organisms are made up of systems (cells, tissues, organs) working together to maintain life.
- Similar functions can be achieved by different structures, depending on the organism's environment

Cells & Systems SLO 2

This unit explores the role of cells within living things
The table of contents outlines: The role of cells as the basic unit of life, Parts of the cell, Microscopes, Single-celled vs. multicellular organisms, Plant vs. animal cells, Diffusion and osmosis, and How cells, tissues, and organs work together
Introduction to the unit
Focus Questions
- How can you make sense of the vast diversity of living things?
- What do living things have in common?
- How do cells work together?
What will be learned?
- Basic structures and function of cells
- Differences between plant and animal cells
- How cells, tissues, organs work together.
- Diffusion and osmosis in cells
Why it matters
- Understanding cells helps with how living organisms grow, develop, and stay healthy
  - Foundation for many areas of biology, health, and medicine
The role of cells as the basic unit of life
- Cells: Smallest unit of life that can carry out necessary life functions all living organisms are made of one or more cells, cells are the foundation for growth, development, and reproduction. Cells have specific structures (organelles) that function in various life processes like metabolism, energy production, responding to stimuli. Whether it's a single-celled or multicellular organism, cells perform life functions.
Parts of a cell
- Nucleus, Cell Membrane, Cell Wall, Cytoplasm, Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi Apparatus, Lysosomes, Vacuoles, Chloroplasts
Microscopes
- Instruments used to magnify small objects/organisms, enabling studying cells and microorganisms, impacting biological processes. -Historical Development First lenses, Compound microscope, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, Robert Hooke, Electron microscopes. -Parts of the microscope Ocular Lens (Eyepiece), Objective Lenses, Stage, Stage Clips, Coarse Adjustment Knob, Fine Adjustment Knob, Diaphragm, Light Source, Base and Arm
How to operate a microscope Starting with low power, Placing the slide, Using the coarse & fine adjustment knobs, Looking through the eyepiece and adjusting the focus, Switching to higher power, Adjusting light, Safety tips.
Preparing Wet Mount Slides Procedure (place drop of water, add specimen, cover with slip) Materials (microscope slide, cover slip, water, specimen)
Single-celled vs. Multicellular Organisms
- Single-celled organisms rely on one cell for all life functions.
- Multicellular organisms have specialized cells working together to form tissues, organs, and systems .
- Example Comparison (Amoeba, Grizzly Bear)
Plant vs. Animal Cells
- Similarities - nucleus, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes, cytoplasm.
- Differences Plant cells have cell walls, chloroplasts, and large vacuoles; animal cells lack these structures, but they're flexible and mobile.
Diffusion and Osmosis
- Diffusion: Movement of particles from high to low concentration, energy-free
- Osmosis: Water movement across a selectively permeable membrane from low to high solute concentration
- Importance of diffusion and osmosis for maintaining homeostasis.
How cells, tissues, and organs work together
- Cells form tissues which form organs for complex functions
- Example Organs working together in the digestive or excretory system

Cells & Systems SLO 3

This unit describes human body systems.
The table of contents outlines: Introduction to human body systems, Circulatory system, Respiratory system, Digestive & excretory system, Sensory system, Role of Cells in Body Systems, and Internal & External Stimuli .
Introduction to human body systems
- Definition: Systems are groups of organs working together essential for life.
- Interconnected systems that rely on each other to maintain homeostasis
Key systems and their function
- Respiratory, Circulatory, Digestive, Sensory, etc.
- Definition, Parts, how they work together (Digestive/Excretory, Circulatory/Respiratory example)

Cells & Systems SLO 4

This unit explores scientific advances and medical innovations.
The table of contents outlines: Scientific Investigation: body systems, Improvements in human health from research, Factors affecting body system health, Investigating body systems, and Summary and Reflection questions.
Scientific investigation
- Overview of scientific investigations in human cells, organs, and systems
- Advances in medical technologies, treatments, and cures , preventative measures
- Examples of research (cancer cells, stem cells, heart's electrical activity, liver regeneration)
Improvements in human health from research
- Advances in medicine (antibiotics, insulin, antiviral drugs, vaccines)
- Advances in nutrition (dietary research, fortified foods, specialized diets)
- Impact on human health (extended life expectancy, improved quality of life, reduced infant mortality)
Factors affecting body system health
- Illness (e.g., asthma, pneumonia, hypertension, atherosclerosis)
- Lifestyle factors (sedentary habits, smoking)
- Aging (reduced lung function, stiffer arteries)
Investigating body systems
- Methods used by scientists
- Examples (how pollution affects respiratory system, cholesterol-lowering drug research)
Summary and Reflection Questions
- Reflection questions

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Description

Test your knowledge on the characteristics of multicellular and single-celled organisms, as well as the various functions of plant and animal cells. This quiz covers concepts related to diffusion, osmosis, and biological systems, providing a comprehensive overview of essential biology topics.