Biology Chapter: Cells and Organ Systems

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and various organelles.

Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and large vacuoles, whereas animal cells have no cell wall and smaller vacuoles.

Stem cells have the ability to differentiate into various cell types and are essential for growth, repair, and regeneration of tissues.

<p>The stages are prophase (chromosomes condense), metaphase (chromosomes align at the center), anaphase (sister chromatids separate), and telophase (nuclear membranes reform).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Arteries have thick, elastic walls to carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, veins have thinner walls and valves for deoxygenated blood to return, while capillaries are thin-walled for nutrient and gas exchange.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The SA node acts as the natural pacemaker of the heart, initiating electrical impulses that regulate heartbeats.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration, and it is essential for gas exchange in the alveoli of the lungs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peristalsis is the rhythmic contraction of smooth muscles that moves food through the digestive tract, occurring primarily in the esophagus and intestines.</p> Signup and view all the answers