Questions and Answers
What is the main function of the cell wall in plant cells?
Which tissue system is responsible for transporting water, nutrients, and sugars in plants?
What is the function of root hairs in plant roots?
What is the main function of the xylem in plants?
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What is the function of the cuticle in plant leaves?
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What is the main function of the phloem in plants?
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What is the function of the vascular cylinder in plant roots?
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What is the function of the mesophyll in plant leaves?
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Study Notes
Plant Cells
- Basic structural and functional units of plants
- Cell wall: rigid outer layer, composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin
- Plasma membrane: semi-permeable membrane, regulates movement of substances in and out of the cell
- Cytoplasm: jelly-like substance inside the cell, contains organelles and metabolites
- Nucleus: control center of the cell, contains genetic material (DNA)
Tissue Systems
- Dermal tissue: outer layer, protects the plant from external factors (e.g., epidermis, cuticle)
- Ground tissue: filler tissue, provides support and storage (e.g., parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma)
- Vascular tissue: responsible for transportation of water, nutrients, and sugars (e.g., xylem, phloem)
Root Anatomy
- Root cap: protective layer at the tip of the root, helps to push through soil
- Root hair: increases surface area for absorption of water and nutrients
- Cortex: layer of cells just beneath the epidermis, stores food and water
- Vascular cylinder: central region of the root, contains xylem and phloem
Stem Anatomy
- Epidermis: outer layer, protects the stem from external factors
- Cortex: layer of cells just beneath the epidermis, stores food and water
- Vascular bundle: group of xylem and phloem tissues, responsible for transportation
- Pith: central region of the stem, stores food and provides support
Leaf Anatomy
- Cuticle: waxy layer on the surface of the leaf, prevents water loss
- Epidermis: outer layer, protects the leaf from external factors
- Mesophyll: inner tissue, responsible for photosynthesis (e.g., palisade parenchyma, spongy parenchyma)
- Vascular bundle: group of xylem and phloem tissues, responsible for transportation
Xylem and Phloem
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Xylem: responsible for transporting water and minerals from roots to leaves
- Tracheids: dead cells that provide structural support and transport water
- Vessel elements: dead cells that transport water and minerals
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Phloem: responsible for transporting sugars and other organic compounds from leaves to roots
- Sieve cells: living cells that transport sugars and other organic compounds
- ** Companion cells**: living cells that provide energy and support to sieve cells
Plant Cell Structure
- Plant cells have a rigid outer layer called the cell wall, composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin.
- The semi-permeable plasma membrane regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
- Cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance inside the cell that contains organelles and metabolites.
- The nucleus is the control center of the cell, containing genetic material (DNA).
Plant Tissue Systems
- Dermal tissue is the outer layer of the plant, protecting it from external factors.
- Ground tissue provides support and storage, and includes parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma cells.
- Vascular tissue is responsible for transporting water, nutrients, and sugars throughout the plant.
Root Structure
- The root cap is a protective layer at the tip of the root, helping to push through soil.
- Root hair increases the surface area for absorption of water and nutrients.
- The cortex is a layer of cells just beneath the epidermis, storing food and water.
- The vascular cylinder is the central region of the root, containing xylem and phloem.
Stem Structure
- The epidermis is the outer layer of the stem, protecting it from external factors.
- The cortex is a layer of cells just beneath the epidermis, storing food and water.
- Vascular bundles are groups of xylem and phloem tissues, responsible for transportation.
- The pith is the central region of the stem, storing food and providing support.
Leaf Structure
- The cuticle is a waxy layer on the surface of the leaf, preventing water loss.
- The epidermis is the outer layer of the leaf, protecting it from external factors.
- Mesophyll is the inner tissue of the leaf, responsible for photosynthesis.
- Vascular bundles are groups of xylem and phloem tissues, responsible for transportation.
Xylem and Phloem Functions
- Xylem is responsible for transporting water and minerals from roots to leaves.
- Tracheids are dead cells that provide structural support and transport water.
- Vessel elements are dead cells that transport water and minerals.
- Phloem is responsible for transporting sugars and other organic compounds from leaves to roots.
- Sieve cells are living cells that transport sugars and other organic compounds.
- Companion cells are living cells that provide energy and support to sieve cells.
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Description
Learn about the basic structure and function of plant cells, including the cell wall, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. Also, explore the different tissue systems, such as dermal tissue.