15 Questions
Which photoreceptor is responsible for sensing red and far red light?
Phytochrome
Which photoreceptor is sensitive to blue light and includes phototropism responses?
Phototropin
Which photoreceptor is solely responsible for detecting blue light but not involved in phototropism?
Cryptochrome
Which photoreceptor is not involved in detecting blue light?
Phytochrome
Which of the following is NOT a known photoreceptor?
Chlorophyll
What are plant hormones also known as?
Plant Growth Regulators
Which of the following is NOT one of the major groups of plant hormones?
oxalic acid
Which plant hormone is associated with the abbreviation IAA?
Indole-3-acetic acid
What three aspects does the study of plant hormones generally involve?
synthesis, transport, and action
What are brassinosteroids classified as?
Later discovered groups of plant hormones
Which of the following is an environmental signal?
Light
What type of receptor is involved in signal transduction?
Protein-coupled receptor
Which of the following is a type of second messenger in signal transduction?
Kinase
Which is NOT a component of signal transduction?
Enzyme activity
What is a possible cellular response to signal transduction?
Change in gene expression
Study Notes
Environmental Stimuli
- Plants respond to light through photoreceptors, including:
- Phytochrome, which responds to red and far-red light
- Cryptochrome, which responds to blue light
- Phototropin, which responds to blue light
- Enzyme activity is affected by the orientation of hydrogen
Introduction to Plant Hormones
- Plant hormones are also known as Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs).
- They are chemical signals that move within the plant, affecting the physiology or development of other parts.
Major Groups of Plant Hormones
- The five major groups of plant hormones are: auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, and abscisic acid.
- The later-discovered plant hormones include brassinosteroids, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid.
Key Topics to be Covered
- Biosynthesis of plant hormones
- Physiological effects of plant hormones
- Molecular modes of action of plant hormones
Signal Transduction
- Components of Signal Transduction:
- Environmental or physiological signal (stimulus)
- Receptor (detects the signal)
- Signal transduction pathway (transmits the signal)
- Response (cell's reaction to the signal)
Types of Signals:
- Environmental Signals:
- Light
- Temperature
- Touch
- Physiological Signals:
- Hormones
- Nutrients
Types of Receptors:
- Kinase receptors
- G-protein coupled receptors
Messengers:
- Kinases (enzymes that add phosphate groups)
- Calcium (ions that regulate various cellular processes)
- Lipids (molecules that participate in signaling pathways)
Response:
- Gene Expression (alteration of gene transcription and translation)
- Cellular Structure (changes in cell shape, organization, or adhesion)
- Enzyme Activity (alteration of enzyme function or activity)
This quiz assesses knowledge of plant photoreceptors such as phytochrome, cryptochrome, and phototropin, as well as enzyme activity related to hydrogen orientation.
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