L06 Porkaryotes and Eukaryotes

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Questions and Answers

What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Neither prokaryotic nor eukaryotic cells have a nucleus

Presence of a nucleus in eukaryotic cells and absence in prokaryotic cells (correct)

Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have a nucleus

Presence of a nucleus in prokaryotic cells and absence in eukaryotic cells

When did life first emerge according to the text?

Less than 2 billion years ago

Around 5 billion years ago

Around 1 billion years ago

At least 3.8 billion years ago (correct)

What was the initial factor used to define the two main classes of cells?

Cell size

Type of genetic material

Presence of a nucleus (correct)

Number of organelles

What is a unique trait exhibited by Archaea?

Ability to form spores and remain dormant Signup and view all the answers

What is the electron donor used by Archaea for anaerobic metabolism?

Acetate Signup and view all the answers

Which metabolic pathways do Archaea follow to break down glucose?

Glycolysis and Kreb's cycle Signup and view all the answers

What is a unique feature of RNA polymerase in Archaea?

Simple and contains 4 subunits Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Archaea's presence in the human body?

Symbiotic relationship with anaerobic bacteria Signup and view all the answers

Why are there no disease-causing archaea?

Opportunity for long-term colonization Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential involvement of archaea in human disease?

Periodontal disease Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of archaea's RNA?

Thymine is present in the transferase RNA Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the endosymbiotic theory?

It explains the interdependence of a large host cell and ingested bacteria for survival. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Cell size, structure, and organization Signup and view all the answers

What is a unique feature of prokaryotic cells?

Spore formation Signup and view all the answers

Which best describes the differences between bacteria and archaea?

Cell wall composition, habitat, and cell division methods Signup and view all the answers

What led to a change in Earth's atmosphere, allowing new oxygen-breathing life forms to emerge?

Photosynthesis by bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What do similarities between prokaryotes and eukaryotes suggest?

They originate from a common ancestor but have evolved independently. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic unique to eukaryotic cells?

Presence of membrane-bound organelles Signup and view all the answers

What is a feature unique to prokaryotes?

Different shapes and arrangements Signup and view all the answers

What evidence supports theories on the evolution of life?

Diversity of life and increase in antibiotic-resistant bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What do differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes include?

Cell size, structure, and organization Signup and view all the answers

What is a major difference between bacteria and archaea?

Cell wall composition, habitat, and cell division methods Signup and view all the answers

Where do archaea thrive and reproduce?

Extreme conditions and asexually Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Evolution, Cell Biology, and Microbiology Overview

Photosynthesis by bacteria led to a change in Earth's atmosphere, allowing new oxygen-breathing life forms to emerge.
Symbiosis and endosymbiosis describe how different species benefit from living or working together, with mitochondria and chloroplasts as examples.
The endosymbiotic theory explains the interdependence of a large host cell and ingested bacteria for survival.
The diversity of life and the increase in antibiotic-resistant bacteria are evidence for theories on the evolution of life.
Similarities between prokaryotes and eukaryotes suggest they originate from a common ancestor but have evolved independently.
Differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes include cell size, structure, and organization, as well as the presence of membrane-bound organelles in eukaryotes.
Eukaryotic cells differ from prokaryotic cells in their larger size, presence of membrane-bound organelles, and multicellularity.
Prokaryotic cells, including bacteria and archaea, are unicellular and have circular DNA, while eukaryotic cells are multicellular and have linear DNA.
Features unique to prokaryotes include cell wall, different shapes, arrangements, motility, spore formation, and gram staining.
Eukaryotic cells have diverse shapes and can be divided into plants, animals, fungi, and protists, with plants having cell walls and animals not.
Major differences between bacteria and archaea include their cell wall composition, habitat, and cell division methods.
Bacteria are ubiquitous and found in various environments, while archaea thrive in extreme conditions and reproduce asexually.

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Description

Test your knowledge of Evolution, Cell Biology, and Microbiology with this overview quiz! Explore topics such as photosynthesis, symbiosis, endosymbiotic theory, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, bacterial and archaeal differences, and evidence for the evolution of life. Perfect for students and enthusiasts of biology!

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