L06 Porkaryotes and Eukaryotes - Hard

Evolution, Cell Biology, and Microbiology Overview

• Photosynthesis by bacteria led to a change in Earth's atmosphere, allowing new oxygen-breathing life forms to emerge.
• Symbiosis and endosymbiosis describe how different species benefit from living or working together, with mitochondria and chloroplasts as examples.
• The endosymbiotic theory explains the interdependence of a large host cell and ingested bacteria for survival.
• The diversity of life and the increase in antibiotic-resistant bacteria are evidence for theories on the evolution of life.
• Similarities between prokaryotes and eukaryotes suggest they originate from a common ancestor but have evolved independently.
• Differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes include cell size, structure, and organization, as well as the presence of membrane-bound organelles in eukaryotes.
• Eukaryotic cells differ from prokaryotic cells in their larger size, presence of membrane-bound organelles, and multicellularity.
• Prokaryotic cells, including bacteria and archaea, are unicellular and have circular DNA, while eukaryotic cells are multicellular and have linear DNA.
• Features unique to prokaryotes include cell wall, different shapes, arrangements, motility, spore formation, and gram staining.
• Eukaryotic cells have diverse shapes and can be divided into plants, animals, fungi, and protists, with plants having cell walls and animals not.
• Major differences between bacteria and archaea include their cell wall composition, habitat, and cell division methods.
• Bacteria are ubiquitous and found in various environments, while archaea thrive in extreme conditions and reproduce asexually.