Biology of Photoreceptors and Retinal Pigment Epithelium
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of melanozymes in the RPE?

  • Phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segments (correct)
  • Absorbing photons of light
  • Synaptic transmission between photoreceptors and bipolar cells
  • Transport of ions, water, and metabolites between the choroid and retina
  • What is the approximate number of rods in the human retina?

  • 200 million
  • 6-8 million
  • 300 million
  • 120 million (correct)
  • What is the function of the photoreceptor layer?

  • To produce melanozymes
  • To absorb photons of light (correct)
  • To transmit light signals to the brain
  • To regulate ion transport
  • What is the shape of the photoreceptors in the photoreceptor layer?

    <p>Spherical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the cilium in photoreceptors?

    <p>To connect the outer segment to the inner segment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the disk lamellae in rod outer segments?

    <p>To store photopigments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the triad-type synapse in cone pedicles?

    <p>To connect photoreceptors to bipolar cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate number of cones in the human retina?

    <p>6-8 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells project to the magnocellular layer of the LGN?

    <p>Ganglion cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following layers is absent over the optic disc?

    <p>Internal limiting membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells provide structure, support, and protection to the retina?

    <p>Neuroglial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the photopigment molecules in the photoreceptor outer segment?

    <p>To absorb light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer starts peripherally around the fovea?

    <p>Nerve fiber layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the papillomacular bundle?

    <p>Carries signals from the macula to the optic disc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate number of lipid bilayered discs in the outer segment of a rod or cone cell?

    <p>500-1000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of the photoreceptor inner segment is involved in metabolic activity and photopigment synthesis?

    <p>Ellipsoid region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells have a role in signal processing?

    <p>Ganglion cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the axons of ganglion cells collectively found?

    <p>Optic nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the cilium in the photoreceptor cell?

    <p>To transport photopigment molecules to the outer segment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Müller cells in the retina?

    <p>To provide structure and support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the region in the photoreceptor inner segment where mitochondria is found?

    <p>Myoid region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the outer nuclear layer in the retina?

    <p>To transmit visual signals to the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the lipid bilayered structure that surrounds the photopigment molecules in the outer segment?

    <p>Discs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the structure that connects the photoreceptor inner segment to the outer segment?

    <p>Connecting cilium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the macula lutea?

    <p>To see color and detail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the xanthophyll pigments, lutein and zeaxanthin?

    <p>To absorb short wavelength visible light and reduce chromatic aberration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate diameter of the macula lutea?

    <p>5.5 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the foveal avascular zone?

    <p>A region entirely free of capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the fovea?

    <p>To facilitate discrimination of detail and color vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diameter of the foveola?

    <p>0.35 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the cone photoreceptors in the foveola?

    <p>A high concentration of cones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the region of best visual acuity?

    <p>The foveola</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Outer Plexiform Layer?

    <p>Facilitating the first synapse in the visual pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between rod spherules and cone pedicles?

    <p>Cone pedicles are larger than rod spherules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Henle's fiber layer?

    <p>Supporting the macular area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of synapses do rod bipolar cells form with rods and cones?

    <p>Invaginating synapses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of horizontal cell processes in the Outer Plexiform Layer?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about the Outer Plexiform Layer in terms of blood supply?

    <p>It is the only layer that receives blood supply from both the choroid and retina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between the external and internal bands of the Outer Plexiform Layer?

    <p>The external band is composed of inner fibers of rods and cones, while the internal band is composed of synapses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of synapses do flat cone bipolar cells form with cone pedicles?

    <p>Flat synapses</p> Signup and view all the answers

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