10 Questions
What is the primary reason for the development of specialized tissues for uptake of food and oxygen in multi-cellular organisms?
The inability of all cells to be in direct contact with the environment
What is the primary function of the transportation system in multi-cellular organisms?
To transport food and oxygen to all parts of the body
Why do waste by-products of chemical reactions need to be removed from the body?
They are useless for the cells and could be harmful
What is the function of excretory tissues in multi-cellular organisms?
To remove waste products from the body
What is the consequence of the increase in body size and complexity in multi-cellular organisms?
The need for a transportation system for carrying food and oxygen
What is the primary purpose of nutrition in living organisms?
To transfer energy from outside the body to the inside
What is the primary source of energy for maintenance processes in living organisms?
External sources, such as food
What is the role of oxidising-reducing reactions in the body?
To facilitate the breakdown of food sources for cellular needs
What is the primary function of respiration in living organisms?
To acquire oxygen from outside the body for cellular needs
Why do organisms require additional raw material from outside to grow?
To increase their body size
Study Notes
Energy and Nutrition
- Energy is needed to prevent damage and breakdown in the body, and this energy comes from outside the body through food.
- Nutrition is the process of transferring energy from outside the body to the inside.
- Food sources are typically carbon-based molecules, and different organisms use different nutritional processes based on the complexity of these molecules.
Energy Sources and Breakdown
- The outside sources of energy are varied and need to be broken down or built up in the body.
- These energy sources are converted to a uniform source of energy that can be used for molecular movements and growth.
- Chemical reactions, including oxidising-reducing reactions, are necessary for breaking down molecules.
- Oxygen is often sourced from outside the body and used in the process of breaking down food sources for cellular needs.
Respiration
- Respiration is the process of acquiring oxygen from outside the body and using it to break down food sources for cellular needs.
- In single-celled organisms, no specific organs are needed for taking in food, exchanging gases, or removing wastes, as the entire surface of the organism is in contact with the environment.
Body Size and Complexity
- As body size increases and body design becomes more complex, simple diffusion is no longer sufficient to meet the needs of all cells.
- In multi-cellular organisms, specialized tissues develop to perform specific functions, including the uptake of food and oxygen.
- A transportation system is needed to carry food and oxygen from one place to another in the body.
Excretion
- Chemical reactions that use carbon sources and oxygen for energy generation create waste by-products that need to be removed from the body.
- Excretion is the process of removing these waste by-products from the body and discarding them outside.
- A specialized tissue for excretion develops in multi-cellular organisms, and the transportation system needs to transport waste away from cells to this excretory tissue.
Learn about the processes of nutrition and energy transfer in organisms, and how they relate to growth and development. Understand the importance of energy and raw materials from outside the body for sustaining life.
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