Biology: Nervous Tissue Functions and Structure
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of neuroglia in the nervous system?

  • To facilitate learning and memory
  • To transmit information between neurons
  • To provide support, protection, and maintenance for neurons (correct)
  • To regulate body temperature
  • Which part of a neuron is responsible for carrying signals away from the cell body?

  • Cell body
  • Axon (correct)
  • Dendrites
  • Terminal buttons
  • What is the term for the gap between the terminal button of one neuron and the dendrite of another?

  • Dendrite
  • Synapse (correct)
  • Neurotransmitter
  • Receptor
  • What is the resting potential of a neuron due to?

    <p>Higher concentration of K+ ions inside the cell and Na+ ions outside</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neurotransmitter would increase the likelihood of an action potential?

    <p>Excitatory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of converting sensory stimuli into electrical signals?

    <p>Sensory transduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the modification of synaptic strength based on experience?

    <p>Synaptic plasticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the growth and development of new neurons?

    <p>Neurogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Functions of Nervous Tissue

    • Controls and coordinates body functions
    • Interprets and responds to sensory information
    • Facilitates communication between different parts of the body
    • Enables learning, memory, and behavior

    Types of Nervous Tissue

    • Neurons (nerve cells): responsible for transmitting information
    • Neuroglia (glial cells): provide support, protection, and maintenance for neurons

    Structure of a Neuron

    • Dendrites: receive signals from other neurons
    • Cell body: contains the nucleus and maintains the cell
    • Axon: carries signals away from the cell body
    • Terminal buttons: release neurotransmitters to transmit signals

    Neurotransmission

    • Synapse: gap between the terminal button of one neuron and the dendrite of another
    • Neurotransmitters: chemical messengers released by terminal buttons to transmit signals
    • Receptors: specialized proteins on the surface of dendrites that bind to neurotransmitters

    Action Potential

    • Resting potential: -70mV, due to higher concentration of K+ ions inside the cell and Na+ ions outside
    • Threshold potential: -55mV, when the neuron becomes excited
    • Depolarization: rapid increase in voltage due to influx of Na+ ions
    • Repolarization: rapid decrease in voltage due to efflux of K+ ions
    • Refractory period: period during which the neuron cannot generate another action potential

    Types of Neurotransmitters

    • Excitatory: increase the likelihood of an action potential (e.g. glutamate, aspartate)
    • Inhibitory: decrease the likelihood of an action potential (e.g. GABA, glycine)
    • Modulatory: influence the strength of synaptic transmission (e.g. dopamine, serotonin)

    Neurophysiological Processes

    • Sensory transduction: conversion of sensory stimuli into electrical signals
    • Synaptic plasticity: modification of synaptic strength based on experience
    • Neurogenesis: growth and development of new neurons

    Functions of Nervous Tissue

    • Controls and coordinates body functions, such as movement, sensation, and cognitive processes
    • Interprets and responds to sensory information from the environment
    • Facilitates communication between different parts of the body, enabling integrated functioning
    • Enables learning, memory, and behavior through complex neural processes

    Types of Nervous Tissue

    • Neurons (nerve cells): transmit information through electrical and chemical signals
    • Neuroglia (glial cells): provide structural support, protection, and maintenance functions for neurons

    Structure of a Neuron

    • Dendrites: receive signals from other neurons, allowing for integration of multiple inputs
    • Cell body: contains the nucleus, maintains the cell, and coordinates neuronal activity
    • Axon: carries signals away from the cell body, enabling long-distance communication
    • Terminal buttons: release neurotransmitters, transmitting signals to other neurons or cells

    Neurotransmission

    • Synapse: small gap between neurons, allowing for chemical communication
    • Neurotransmitters: chemical messengers released by terminal buttons, binding to receptors on adjacent neurons
    • Receptors: specialized proteins on the surface of dendrites, recognizing and responding to neurotransmitters

    Action Potential

    • Resting potential: -70mV, maintained by the balance of potassium and sodium ions
    • Threshold potential: -55mV, when the neuron becomes excited and generates an action potential
    • Depolarization: rapid increase in voltage due to influx of sodium ions, triggering the action potential
    • Repolarization: rapid decrease in voltage due to efflux of potassium ions, restoring the resting state
    • Refractory period: period during which the neuron cannot generate another action potential, ensuring proper signaling

    Types of Neurotransmitters

    • Excitatory: increase the likelihood of an action potential, such as glutamate and aspartate
    • Inhibitory: decrease the likelihood of an action potential, such as GABA and glycine
    • Modulatory: influence the strength of synaptic transmission, such as dopamine and serotonin

    Neurophysiological Processes

    • Sensory transduction: conversion of sensory stimuli into electrical signals, enabling perception and response
    • Synaptic plasticity: modification of synaptic strength based on experience, enabling learning and memory
    • Neurogenesis: growth and development of new neurons, occurring throughout life

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    Description

    Learn about the roles and types of nervous tissue, as well as the structure of neurons, including dendrites and more.

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