15 Questions
What is the main function of the cell body in a neuron?
To receive, integrate, and send nerve impulses
What is the primary function of dendrites in a neuron?
To conduct nerve impulses toward the cell body
How many axons does a typical neuron have?
A single axon
What is the role of glial cells in the nervous system?
To support and protect neurons, and participate in neural activity, nutrition, and defense
What is the anatomical division of the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord?
Central Nervous System
What is the estimated number of nerve cells in the human nervous system?
100 million nerve cells
What is the primary function of the nucleus in a neuron?
To store genetic information
What is the main difference between dendrites and axons?
Dendrites receive nerve impulses while axons transmit them
What is the function of glial cells in relation to neurons?
To support and protect neurons
How do the number of dendrites on a neuron affect its function?
More dendrites increase the neuron's ability to receive nerve impulses
What is the function of the plasma membrane in a neuron?
To enclose the cytoplasm
What is the structural feature that distinguishes nerve cells from other cell types?
The presence of long processes
What is the component of a neuron that contains cytoplasm?
The cell body
How do glial cells support neurons?
By providing structural support
What is the estimated number of nerve cells in the human nervous system?
100 million
Study Notes
Human Nervous System
- Comprised of a network of over 100 million nerve cells (neurons) and numerous glial cells
- Divided into the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Central Nervous System
- Consists of the brain and spinal cord
- Glial cells support and protect neurons, participate in neural activity, nutrition, and defense processing
Nerve Tissue Structure
- Composed of two cell types: nerve cells (neurons) and glial cells
- Neurons have numerous long processes, while glial cells have short processes
Neuron Structure
- Typical neuron has a cell body, which serves as the control center
- Cell body receives, integrates, and sends nerve impulses
- Cell body components: plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, and nucleolus
Dendrites
- Branching processes that project from the cell body
- Conduct nerve impulses toward the cell body
- More dendrites enable a neuron to receive more nerve impulses from other cells
Axons
- Larger, longer nerve cell processes that project from the cell body (also called nerve fibers)
- All neurons have only one axon
- Transmits nerve impulses away from the cell body toward other cells (transmits output information)
Human Nervous System
- Comprised of a network of over 100 million nerve cells (neurons) and numerous glial cells
- Divided into the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Central Nervous System
- Consists of the brain and spinal cord
- Glial cells support and protect neurons, participate in neural activity, nutrition, and defense processing
Nerve Tissue Structure
- Composed of two cell types: nerve cells (neurons) and glial cells
- Neurons have numerous long processes, while glial cells have short processes
Neuron Structure
- Typical neuron has a cell body, which serves as the control center
- Cell body receives, integrates, and sends nerve impulses
- Cell body components: plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, and nucleolus
Dendrites
- Branching processes that project from the cell body
- Conduct nerve impulses toward the cell body
- More dendrites enable a neuron to receive more nerve impulses from other cells
Axons
- Larger, longer nerve cell processes that project from the cell body (also called nerve fibers)
- All neurons have only one axon
- Transmits nerve impulses away from the cell body toward other cells (transmits output information)
This quiz covers the structure and function of the human nervous system, including the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems, nerve cells, and glial cells. Understand the anatomy of neurons and nerve tissue.
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