Questions and Answers
If a mother’s genotype is homozygous recessive and the father is heterozygous and has the illness, which of the following represents the chance that their child will have PKD?
A woman drinks an excessive amount of alcohol during her pregnancy. Which of the following teratogenic disorders will the baby be at risk for?
How does ADH play a role in a fluid volume deficit?
A type 1 diabetic develops diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Which of the following is the best explanation for this problem?
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A patient with massive bleeding due to a gun-shot wound is admitted to the ER. The nurse notices that the patient’s arms and legs are cold. What is the patho of cold extremities?
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A patient is suspected of having a rhabdomyosarcoma. Where is the tumor located?
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Which of the following is not a released stress hormone when a patient is hypoglycemic?
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A chronic smoker has developed some changes in the epithelial lining. The doctor tells him that once he stops smoking the cells should go back to their normal form. What type of cellular adaptation is this?
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A male elderly patient is likely to have a poor prognosis due to the fact that
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Which of the following diseases encounters a problem with glycogenolysis where the patient is not able to break down glycogen?
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Which of the following is a likely sign/symptom if the polar gap is shorter than normal (RMP = -60 mV)?
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A patient is diagnosed with Sickle Cell Disease. Which type of cell injury best describes the pathophysiology caused by this disease?
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When glucagon stimulates the conversion of glycogen to glucose, it is called…
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Which of the following are used to counteract free radicals? Select all that apply.
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Study Notes
Genetics and Inheritance
- A mother with homozygous recessive genotype and a heterozygous father may have varied chances for offspring inheriting PKD.
- Fetal alcohol syndrome is a teratogenic disorder linked to excessive alcohol consumption during pregnancy.
Hormonal Regulation and Disorders
- Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is secreted from the pituitary gland and compensates for fluid volume deficit by retaining fluid.
- Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in Type 1 diabetics is primarily due to the inability to transport glucose into cells, leading to ketone accumulation.
Pathophysiology of Trauma
- Cold extremities in massive bleeding patients arise from peripheral artery constriction, reducing blood flow to limbs.
Tumor Types and Locations
- Rhabdomyosarcoma is a tumor predominantly found in skeletal muscle.
Stress Responses
- Stress hormone responses to hypoglycemia include cortisol, epinephrine, and glucagon; ADH is not released in this context.
Cellular Adaptation
- Epithelial changes in chronic smokers that revert upon cessation indicate metaplasia, an adaptive response where one cell type transforms into another.
Aging and Health Outcomes
- Increased age correlates with poorer prognosis potentially due to a deteriorating immune system.
Glycogen Metabolism Disorders
- McArdle’s disease impacts glycogenolysis, preventing glycogen breakdown.
Cellular Electrical Activity
- A shorter polar gap (RMP = -60 mV) may indicate symptoms like lethargy and weakness due to altered cellular excitability.
Disease Mechanisms
- Sickle Cell Disease involves pathophysiology characterized by abnormal cellular proliferation.
Metabolic Processes
- The conversion of glycogen to glucose by glucagon is referred to as glycogenolysis.
Antioxidative Agents
- Superoxide dismutase, Vitamin C, and Vitamin E are key substances utilized to counteract free radicals.
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Description
Test your understanding of genetics concepts with this mock exam designed for biology students. It covers inheritance patterns and the implications of genotypes in relation to genetic disorders. Review your answers at the end to evaluate your knowledge!
