Biology Mitosis and Meiosis Quiz
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Questions and Answers

In which type of cell does mitosis occur?

  • gametes
  • haploid cells
  • sperm cells
  • none of the above (correct)

The normal number of chromosomes in a human body cell is:

46

Mom and Dad each have ______ chromosomes in their cells.

46

When reproduction ______ occurs, gametes are formed.

<p>meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

These cells have ______ chromosomes each.

<p>23</p> Signup and view all the answers

When these cells rejoin, we call it ______.

<p>fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

The new cell now has ______ chromosomes again.

<p>46</p> Signup and view all the answers

The cell starts to make copies of itself, which is called ______.

<p>mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pigment in plants is responsible for capturing light energy?

<p>chlorophyll (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

XY indicates a [blank], while XX indicates a [blank].

<p>male, female (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Place these six steps of Mitosis in order:

<p>Prophase = 2 Interphase = 1 Cytokinesis = 6 Metaphase = 3 Telophase = 5 Anaphase = 4</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify each diagram as either Mitosis or Meiosis:

<p>Mitosis (A), Meiosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Occurs in somatic cells.

<p>Mitosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Produces gametes.

<p>Meiosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ends with four cells being produced.

<p>Meiosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Uses spindle fibers to pull apart chromatids.

<p>Both (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The new cells are haploid.

<p>Meiosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Crossing over occurs in this process.

<p>Meiosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How your toe will heal if damaged.

<p>Mitosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Produces 2 daughter cells.

<p>Both (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Undergoes PMAT (meiosis occurs 2 + mitosis occurs 1).

<p>Both (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cytokinesis separates cells in this process.

<p>Both (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Provides genetically diverse cells.

<p>Meiosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure(s) allows chromosomes to separate and move during mitosis?

<p>Spindle fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do we call the long coiled strands of DNA inside the nucleus?

<p>Chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

During what process can crossing over occur?

<p>Meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of cells most likely result from uncontrolled growth due to mutations in genes that control the cell cycle?

<p>Cancer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what point in the cycle does DNA replication occur?

<p>S phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

Acidic solutions have a pH between [blank] and [blank].

<p>0 and 6 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

DNA and RNA are built from chains of chemicals called:

<p>nucleotides (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The building blocks of proteins are called:

<p>amino acids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Electrons have a [blank] charge.

<p>negative (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which parts of the atom are found in the nucleus?

<p>protons and neutrons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A kind of lipid that stores energy:

<p>fat (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an ion?

<p>an atom that has gained or lost an electron (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The monomers of lipids are known as [blank].

<p>fatty acids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration is known as [blank].

<p>diffusion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The job of DNA and RNA is to:

<p>store information that makes proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

DNA polymerase is used inside the nucleus to unzip DNA to be read by mRNA. What type of molecule is DNA polymerase?

<p>protein (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary use for carbohydrates in the body?

<p>energy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All life that has ever been discovered is formed form long chains of [blank] bonded together with other elements.

<p>Carbon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The net overall charge of an oxygen atom is [blank].

<p>-2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cellulose helps to compose the cell walls of plants, and is not easily digested in the human body. What type of molecule is cellulose?

<p>carbohydrate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do enzymes help to do?

<p>Changes the rate of a chemical reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Osmosis is the movement of water from a high concentration to a lower concentration across a [blank] membrane.

<p>semipermeable (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Protons have a [blank] charge and are found in the [blank] of an atom.

<p>positive, nucleus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was the first person to call a cell a cell?

<p>Robert Hooke</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did he name them after?

<p>A monastery</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who determined that all plants were made of cells?

<p>Matthias Schleiden</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who discovered that all animals were made of cells?

<p>Theodor Schwann</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give 3 real world examples of how to increase the rate of diffusion in a solution:

<p>Heat up the solution = 1 Stir the solution = 2 Add more solvent = 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organelles are present in prokaryotes but not eukaryotes?

<p>Nucleoid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conclusions could you draw about the cell shown in Figure 7-1?

<p>The cell is eukaryotic because it has a nucleus. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of the cork cell was Robert Hooke looking at under the microscope?

<p>Cell wall (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of organism is theorized to inhabit the planet first?

<p>Prokaryotes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with inventing the compound light microscope?

<p>Anton van Leeuwenhook (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Draw the phospholipid bilayer (as best you can) and label which part is hydrophilic and hydrophobic, and tell me where the cholesterol is located.

<p>Hydrophobic tails (lipids) = 1 Hydrophilic heads = 2 Cholesterol = 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

Use the following word bank to label the cells below (Hint: you will not use all of them, and you only have to label the boxes).

<p>Ribosome = A Cell membrane = B Mitochondria = C Smooth endoplasmic reticulum = D Lysosome = E Cytoplasm = F Golgi apparatus = G Rough endoplasmic reticulum = H Nucleus = I Thylakoid = J Cell wall = K Chloroplast = L Vacuole = M Cilia = N Flagella = O Grana = P Nuclear Pore = Q Nucleolus = R Nucleoid = S</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the 2 places in the cell you could find ribosomes?

<p>Rough ER and nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one similarity and one difference of a mitochondria and a chloroplast.

<p>Mitochondria converts fuel particles into usable chemical energy, while chloroplasts convert light energy into chemical energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the first cells found on Earth were similar to prokaryotes, describe them.

<p>They were single-celled organisms that lacked a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List the 3 postulates of the Cell Theory.

<p>All living organisms are made of at least one cell = 1 All cells arise from pre-existing cells = 2 The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life = 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a vesicle?

<p>A small membrane-bound sac</p> Signup and view all the answers

Both [blank] make energy, only chloroplast is found in [blank].

<p>mitochondria, plants (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Put the correct letter to the matching term on the right.

<p>Ribosome = A Cell membrane = B Mitochondria = C Smooth endoplasmic reticulum = D Lysosome = E Cytoplasm = F Golgi apparatus = G Rough endoplasmic reticulum = H Nucleus = I Thylakoid = J Cell wall = K Chloroplast = L Vacuole = M Cilia = N Flagella = O Grana = P Nuclear Pore = Q Nucleolus = R Nucleoid = S</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Mitosis

The process of cell division that produces two genetically identical daughter cells.

Meiosis

The process of cell division that produces four genetically unique daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

Diploid Cell

A type of cell that contains two sets of chromosomes (2n).

Haploid Cell

A type of cell that contains only one set of chromosomes (n).

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Fertilization

The process of combining two haploid gametes to form a diploid zygote.

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Gamete

A specialized cell involved in sexual reproduction, containing half the number of chromosomes of a somatic cell.

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Chlorophyll

The pigment that absorbs light energy during photosynthesis.

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Cellular Respiration

The process by which cells create energy from food.

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ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

The molecule that stores and releases energy in cells.

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Chromosome

A long, coiled strand of DNA that contains genetic information.

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DNA Replication

The process of copying DNA before cell division.

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S Phase

The phase of the cell cycle during which DNA is replicated.

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Spindle Fiber

A protein that helps separate chromosomes during cell division.

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Cytokinesis

The process of the cytoplasm dividing to create two daughter cells.

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Prophase

The first stage of mitosis, characterized by condensation of chromosomes.

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Metaphase

The second stage of mitosis, characterized by chromosomes lining up along the middle of the cell.

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Anaphase

The third stage of mitosis, characterized by sister chromatids being pulled apart.

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Telophase

The fourth and final stage of mitosis, characterized by the formation of two new nuclei.

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Crossing Over

The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.

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Cancer Cell

A type of cell that arises from uncontrolled cell growth and division.

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Acidic Solution

A substance that has a pH between 0 and 6.

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Nucleotide

The basic building blocks of DNA and RNA.

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Amino Acid

The building blocks of proteins.

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Diffusion

The movement of particles from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration.

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Fat

A type of lipid that stores energy.

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Carbohydrate

A class of organic molecules that includes sugars and starches.

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Nucleus

The central part of an atom that contains protons and neutrons.

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Enzyme

A type of molecule that speeds up chemical reactions.

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Photosynthesis

The process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy.

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Cell Wall

A structure that surrounds plant cells and provides support.

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Nucleus

The membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA).

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Cell Membrane

The outer boundary of a cell that regulates what enters and leaves.

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Cytoplasm

The jelly-like substance that fills the cell and contains organelles.

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Ribosome

The organelle where proteins are synthesized.

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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

A network of interconnected membranes that synthesize and transport proteins.

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Golgi Apparatus

The organelle that modifies, packages, and sorts proteins.

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Mitochondria

The organelle that is responsible for cellular respiration, producing energy.

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Lysosome

A membrane-bound sac that contains enzymes for breaking down waste materials.

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Chloroplast

The organelle that contains chlorophyll and is the site of photosynthesis.

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Vacuole

A large, fluid-filled sac in plant cells that stores water, nutrients, and waste.

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Cilia

Small hair-like structures on the cell surface that aid in movement.

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Flagella

A long, whip-like structure that helps with cell movement.

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Nucleoid

A region within the prokaryotic cell where DNA is located.

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Nucleolus

A small, dense structure within the nucleus that produces ribosomes.

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Nuclear Pores

Holes in the nuclear envelope that allow for the passage of molecules in and out of the nucleus.

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Nuclear Envelope

The double membrane that surrounds the nucleus.

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Cytoskeleton

A structure that provides support and shape to the cell.

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Microfilaments

Thin filaments that help with cell movement and shape.

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Microtubules

Thick tubes that help with cell movement and shape.

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Thylakoid

A flattened disc-like structure within the chloroplast where chlorophyll is located.

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Grana

A stack of thylakoids within the chloroplast.

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Gregor Mendel

The individual responsible for formulating the laws of inheritance.

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Genotype

The genetic makeup of an organism.

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Phenotype

The physical characteristics of an organism.

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Allele

A variation of a gene.

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Dominant Allele

An allele that masks the expression of another allele.

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Recessive Allele

An allele that is only expressed when two copies are present.

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Homozygous

Having two identical alleles for a trait.

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Heterozygous

Having two different alleles for a trait.

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Punnett Square

A diagram used to predict the possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring.

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Sex-Linked Trait

A trait that is controlled by a gene located on a sex chromosome.

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Autosomal Trait

A trait that is controlled by a gene located on an autosome.

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Pedigree

A diagram that shows the inheritance of a trait over multiple generations.

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Monohybrid Cross

A cross between two individuals that differ in only one trait.

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Dihybrid Cross

A cross between two individuals that differ in two traits.

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Study Notes

Mitosis and Meiosis

  • Mitosis occurs in diploid somatic cells, leading to identical copies for growth and repair.
  • Meiosis occurs in sex cells(gametes), resulting in genetically unique cells for reproduction.
  • The normal number of chromosomes in a human body cell is 46.

Cell Energy

  • The chemical equation for cellular respiration is: C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6H₂O + 6CO₂ + ATP.

Plant Pigments

  • Chlorophyll is the pigment responsible for capturing light energy in plants.

Mitosis Stages

  • The stages of mitosis in order are: Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, and Cytokinesis.

Cell Processes

  • Mitosis produces 2 daughter cells, while Meiosis produces 4 daughter cells.
  • Meiosis involves crossing over, which is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes.
  • Somatic cells contain diploid (2n) number of chromosomes.
  • Gametes contain haploid (n) number of chromosomes.
  • Cells have 23 pairs of chromosomes plus an X or a Y chromosome

DNA Replication

  • DNA replication occurs during the S phase (synthesis phase) of interphase.

Acidic and Basic Solutions

  • Acidic solutions have a pH between 0 and 6.
  • Basic solutions have a pH between 7 and 14.

Building Blocks of Molecules

  • DNA and RNA are built from nucleotides.
  • Proteins are built from amino acids.

Atomic Structure

  • Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus of an atom.
  • Electrons orbit around the nucleus.
  • Protons=electrons therefore no overall charge.

Lipids

  • Fats are a kind of lipid that stores energy long-term. .

Diffusion

  • Particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

DNA and RNA

  • DNA and RNA help store genetic information and are used by the body in various processes.

Cell Structure and Function

  • Ribosomes are found in the cytoplasm and make proteins.
  • The nucleus contains the DNA (genetic material).
  • A cell membrane is the outer boundary of a cell.

Cell Processes

  • Enzymes speed up chemical reactions.
  • Mitosis is the division of somatic cells ensuring growth, repair, and asexual reproduction.
  • Meiosis is the division of sex cells creating gametes.

Cell Theory

  • The cell theory postulates that: all organisms are composed of one or more cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, all cells arise from other cells.

Cell Organelles

  • Prokaryotes lack membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotes have them.
  • Examples of organelles found in eukaryotes include mitochondria, chloroplasts, and vacuoles.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the processes of mitosis and meiosis in this comprehensive quiz. Learn about cell division, stages of mitosis, and the significance of these processes in growth and reproduction. Ideal for biology students looking to reinforce their understanding of cellular mechanisms.

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