Biology Mitosis and Meiosis Quiz
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Questions and Answers

In which type of cell does mitosis occur?

  • gametes
  • haploid cells
  • sperm cells
  • none of the above (correct)

    • The normal number of chromosomes in a human body cell is:

    46

    Mom and Dad each have ______ chromosomes in their cells.

    46

    When reproduction ______ occurs, gametes are formed.

    <p>meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    These cells have ______ chromosomes each.

    <p>23</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When these cells rejoin, we call it ______.

    <p>fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The new cell now has ______ chromosomes again.

    <p>46</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cell starts to make copies of itself, which is called ______.

    <p>mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pigment in plants is responsible for capturing light energy?

    <p>chlorophyll</p> Signup and view all the answers

    XY indicates a [blank], while XX indicates a [blank].

    <p>male, female</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Place these six steps of Mitosis in order:

    <p>Prophase = 2 Interphase = 1 Cytokinesis = 6 Metaphase = 3 Telophase = 5 Anaphase = 4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify each diagram as either Mitosis or Meiosis:

    <p>Mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Occurs in somatic cells.

    <p>Mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Produces gametes.

    <p>Meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ends with four cells being produced.

    <p>Meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Uses spindle fibers to pull apart chromatids.

    <p>Both</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The new cells are haploid.

    <p>Meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Crossing over occurs in this process.

    <p>Meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How your toe will heal if damaged.

    <p>Mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Produces 2 daughter cells.

    <p>Both</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Undergoes PMAT (meiosis occurs 2 + mitosis occurs 1).

    <p>Both</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cytokinesis separates cells in this process.

    <p>Both</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Provides genetically diverse cells.

    <p>Meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure(s) allows chromosomes to separate and move during mitosis?

    <p>Spindle fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do we call the long coiled strands of DNA inside the nucleus?

    <p>Chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During what process can crossing over occur?

    <p>Meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of cells most likely result from uncontrolled growth due to mutations in genes that control the cell cycle?

    <p>Cancer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what point in the cycle does DNA replication occur?

    <p>S phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Acidic solutions have a pH between [blank] and [blank].

    <p>0 and 6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    DNA and RNA are built from chains of chemicals called:

    <p>nucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The building blocks of proteins are called:

    <p>amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Electrons have a [blank] charge.

    <p>negative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parts of the atom are found in the nucleus?

    <p>protons and neutrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A kind of lipid that stores energy:

    <p>fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an ion?

    <p>an atom that has gained or lost an electron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The monomers of lipids are known as [blank].

    <p>fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration is known as [blank].

    <p>diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The job of DNA and RNA is to:

    <p>store information that makes proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    DNA polymerase is used inside the nucleus to unzip DNA to be read by mRNA. What type of molecule is DNA polymerase?

    <p>protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary use for carbohydrates in the body?

    <p>energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All life that has ever been discovered is formed form long chains of [blank] bonded together with other elements.

    <p>Carbon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The net overall charge of an oxygen atom is [blank].

    <p>-2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cellulose helps to compose the cell walls of plants, and is not easily digested in the human body. What type of molecule is cellulose?

    <p>carbohydrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do enzymes help to do?

    <p>Changes the rate of a chemical reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Osmosis is the movement of water from a high concentration to a lower concentration across a [blank] membrane.

    <p>semipermeable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Protons have a [blank] charge and are found in the [blank] of an atom.

    <p>positive, nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the first person to call a cell a cell?

    <p>Robert Hooke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did he name them after?

    <p>A monastery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who determined that all plants were made of cells?

    <p>Matthias Schleiden</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who discovered that all animals were made of cells?

    <p>Theodor Schwann</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Give 3 real world examples of how to increase the rate of diffusion in a solution:

    <p>Heat up the solution = 1 Stir the solution = 2 Add more solvent = 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organelles are present in prokaryotes but not eukaryotes?

    <p>Nucleoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conclusions could you draw about the cell shown in Figure 7-1?

    <p>The cell is eukaryotic because it has a nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of the cork cell was Robert Hooke looking at under the microscope?

    <p>Cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of organism is theorized to inhabit the planet first?

    <p>Prokaryotes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with inventing the compound light microscope?

    <p>Anton van Leeuwenhook</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Draw the phospholipid bilayer (as best you can) and label which part is hydrophilic and hydrophobic, and tell me where the cholesterol is located.

    <p>Hydrophobic tails (lipids) = 1 Hydrophilic heads = 2 Cholesterol = 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Use the following word bank to label the cells below (Hint: you will not use all of them, and you only have to label the boxes).

    <p>Ribosome = A Cell membrane = B Mitochondria = C Smooth endoplasmic reticulum = D Lysosome = E Cytoplasm = F Golgi apparatus = G Rough endoplasmic reticulum = H Nucleus = I Thylakoid = J Cell wall = K Chloroplast = L Vacuole = M Cilia = N Flagella = O Grana = P Nuclear Pore = Q Nucleolus = R Nucleoid = S</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the 2 places in the cell you could find ribosomes?

    <p>Rough ER and nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one similarity and one difference of a mitochondria and a chloroplast.

    <p>Mitochondria converts fuel particles into usable chemical energy, while chloroplasts convert light energy into chemical energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the first cells found on Earth were similar to prokaryotes, describe them.

    <p>They were single-celled organisms that lacked a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List the 3 postulates of the Cell Theory.

    <p>All living organisms are made of at least one cell = 1 All cells arise from pre-existing cells = 2 The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life = 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a vesicle?

    <p>A small membrane-bound sac</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Both [blank] make energy, only chloroplast is found in [blank].

    <p>mitochondria, plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Put the correct letter to the matching term on the right.

    <p>Ribosome = A Cell membrane = B Mitochondria = C Smooth endoplasmic reticulum = D Lysosome = E Cytoplasm = F Golgi apparatus = G Rough endoplasmic reticulum = H Nucleus = I Thylakoid = J Cell wall = K Chloroplast = L Vacuole = M Cilia = N Flagella = O Grana = P Nuclear Pore = Q Nucleolus = R Nucleoid = S</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Mitosis and Meiosis

    • Mitosis occurs in diploid somatic cells, leading to identical copies for growth and repair.
    • Meiosis occurs in sex cells(gametes), resulting in genetically unique cells for reproduction.
    • The normal number of chromosomes in a human body cell is 46.

    Cell Energy

    • The chemical equation for cellular respiration is: C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6H₂O + 6CO₂ + ATP.

    Plant Pigments

    • Chlorophyll is the pigment responsible for capturing light energy in plants.

    Mitosis Stages

    • The stages of mitosis in order are: Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, and Cytokinesis.

    Cell Processes

    • Mitosis produces 2 daughter cells, while Meiosis produces 4 daughter cells.
    • Meiosis involves crossing over, which is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes.
    • Somatic cells contain diploid (2n) number of chromosomes.
    • Gametes contain haploid (n) number of chromosomes.
    • Cells have 23 pairs of chromosomes plus an X or a Y chromosome

    DNA Replication

    • DNA replication occurs during the S phase (synthesis phase) of interphase.

    Acidic and Basic Solutions

    • Acidic solutions have a pH between 0 and 6.
    • Basic solutions have a pH between 7 and 14.

    Building Blocks of Molecules

    • DNA and RNA are built from nucleotides.
    • Proteins are built from amino acids.

    Atomic Structure

    • Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus of an atom.
    • Electrons orbit around the nucleus.
    • Protons=electrons therefore no overall charge.

    Lipids

    • Fats are a kind of lipid that stores energy long-term. .

    Diffusion

    • Particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

    DNA and RNA

    • DNA and RNA help store genetic information and are used by the body in various processes.

    Cell Structure and Function

    • Ribosomes are found in the cytoplasm and make proteins.
    • The nucleus contains the DNA (genetic material).
    • A cell membrane is the outer boundary of a cell.

    Cell Processes

    • Enzymes speed up chemical reactions.
    • Mitosis is the division of somatic cells ensuring growth, repair, and asexual reproduction.
    • Meiosis is the division of sex cells creating gametes.

    Cell Theory

    • The cell theory postulates that: all organisms are composed of one or more cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, all cells arise from other cells.

    Cell Organelles

    • Prokaryotes lack membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotes have them.
    • Examples of organelles found in eukaryotes include mitochondria, chloroplasts, and vacuoles.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the processes of mitosis and meiosis in this comprehensive quiz. Learn about cell division, stages of mitosis, and the significance of these processes in growth and reproduction. Ideal for biology students looking to reinforce their understanding of cellular mechanisms.

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