Cell Division: Mitosis and Meiosis

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Questions and Answers

What is the chromosome number in a cell before it splits during mitosis?

46 chromosomes (correct)

46 chromatids (correct)

92 chromatids (correct)

All of the above

What is the chromosome number in a cell after it splits during meiosis?

92 chromatids (correct)

both A and C

23 chromosomes (correct)

46 chromosomes

What happens during interphase?

The chromosomes are in their normal routine waiting for mitosis.

How many times does interphase occur during mitosis?

Once. Signup and view all the answers

How many times does interphase occur during meiosis?

Twice. Signup and view all the answers

What types of cells do not undergo mitosis?

Gametes (sex cells). Signup and view all the answers

Name two ways that mitosis is important for your body.

Helps cells grow and repairs the cells. Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are produced in mitosis?

Diploid cells. Signup and view all the answers

Describe what occurs if cells are in mitosis more than in interphase.

Cells would replicate more than usual and produce fewer proteins. Signup and view all the answers

What are chromosomes made of?

DNA and proteins. Signup and view all the answers

How many chromosomes should be in each diploid cell after mitosis in humans?

46 chromosomes and 23 pairs. Signup and view all the answers

How many chromosomes are in a sperm or egg cell?

23 chromosomes. Signup and view all the answers

What would happen if interphase didn't occur before meiosis?

Cells would constantly multiply and not produce proteins. Signup and view all the answers

How can you know if two chromosomes are homologous?

If two chromosomes are paired by their purpose. Signup and view all the answers

What happens during crossing over in meiosis?

Chromosomes swap genetic information. Signup and view all the answers

How can you determine if the cell is in metaphase I or metaphase II?

Metaphase II has two sets of chromosome columns. Signup and view all the answers

What is nondisjunction?

Nondisjunction is when chromatids do not split evenly between daughter cells. Signup and view all the answers

Finish the meiosis chain with the correct stages.

Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I, Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II. Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells does mitosis end with?

Identical cells Signup and view all the answers

What do both mitosis and meiosis have in common?

Interphase occurs once before the process begins Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of meiosis?

To produce gametes Signup and view all the answers

What does meiosis produce?

Four cells with 23 chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Mitosis

Begins with 46 chromosomes and 46 chromatids before splitting, resulting in two diploid cells each with 46 chromosomes and 46 chromatids.
Interphase occurs once before mitosis, during which the cell prepares for division.
Mitosis is essential for growth and repair of body cells.
Produces identical cells, maintaining the same chromosome number (diploid).
Chromosomes are made of DNA and proteins, ensuring equal distribution during cell division.

Meiosis

Starts with 46 chromosomes, resulting in four haploid cells each with 23 chromosomes after two rounds of division (meiosis I and II).
Interphase occurs once before meiosis, allowing for growth before reproduction.
Gametes (sperm and egg cells) are produced, each containing 23 chromosomes.
Crossing over occurs in prophase I, exchanging genetic material between homologous chromosomes, leading to genetic diversity.
Nondisjunction can occur, resulting in uneven distribution of chromatids to daughter cells, which can lead to genetic disorders.

Interphase

Key preparatory phase shared by both mitosis and meiosis.
Without interphase, cells would replicate excessively and fail to produce necessary proteins.

Homologous Chromosomes

Chromosomes are considered homologous if they share the same structure and genetic purpose, pairing together during meiosis.

Chromosome Structure

Composed of DNA and proteins, chromosomes play a crucial role in genetic inheritance during cell division.

Differences Between Mitosis and Meiosis

Mitosis results in two diploid cells; meiosis results in four haploid gametes.
Mitosis is involved in growth and tissue repair, while meiosis is vital for sexual reproduction and genetic variation.

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Description

Explore the essential processes of mitosis and meiosis in this quiz. Understand the key differences between the two, including chromosome numbers, stages, and outcomes. Test your knowledge about cell division, growth, and genetic diversity.