Biology Macromolecules Quiz

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Which part of the test includes answering 4 questions worth 16 marks, where you will do 1 of 4; 1 of 3, and 2 of 5 questions?

Part C: Choice (correct)

Part D: Course Connection

Part A: Multiple Choice

Part B: Short Answer

What is the difference between alpha and beta glucose?

Alpha glucose is a ring form, while beta glucose is a linear form.

Alpha glucose has a hydroxyl group pointing up at carbon-1, while beta glucose has a hydroxyl group pointing down at carbon-1.

Alpha glucose is a linear form, while beta glucose is a ring form.

Alpha glucose has a hydroxyl group pointing down at carbon-1, while beta glucose has a hydroxyl group pointing up at carbon-1. (correct)

What nitrogen bases are for DNA and RNA, respectively?

Thymine, Uracil - Adenine, Guanine

Guanine, Adenine - Cytosine, Thymine

Adenine, Thymine - Guanine, Uracil (correct)

Adenine, Guanine - Uracil, Thymine

What occurs during a REDOX reaction?

The reactant loses electrons (oxidation) and the reactant gains those electrons (reduction). Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between endergonic and exergonic reactions?

Endergonic reactions require energy, while exergonic reactions release energy. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during a neutralization reaction?

An acid reacts with a base to form water and a salt. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors affect the fluidity of a cell's membrane?

Temperature, cholesterol content, and length of fatty acid tails Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between primary and secondary active transport?

Primary active transport uses ATP directly, while secondary active transport uses the energy stored in the electrochemical gradient Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic processes?

Aerobic processes require oxygen, while anaerobic processes do not Signup and view all the answers

What is the problem with rubisco?

It has a low specificity for carbon dioxide over oxygen Signup and view all the answers

What is substrate-level phosphorylation in cellular respiration?

It involves the transfer of a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP to form ATP Signup and view all the answers

What were the experiments done by the various scientists that helped us learn about DNA?

Hershey-Chase experiment, Griffith's transformation experiment, and Meselson-Stahl experiment Signup and view all the answers

What is Gel Electrophoresis used for?

Separating DNA fragments based on their size and charge Signup and view all the answers

What are introns and exons in the context of gene expression?

Exons are removed during transcription, while introns are spliced into mature mRNA Signup and view all the answers

What is PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) used for?

Amplifying a specific segment of DNA through repeated cycles of denaturation, annealing, and extension Signup and view all the answers

What is an action spectrum in photosynthesis?

A graphical representation showing the rate of photosynthesis at different light wavelengths Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a negative feedback loop and a positive feedback loop?

A negative feedback loop reverses a change and maintains homeostasis, while a positive feedback loop amplifies a change and leads away from homeostasis. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between sensory and motor neurons?

Sensory neurons transmit signals from sensory receptors to the central nervous system (CNS), while motor neurons carry signals from the CNS to effector cells. Signup and view all the answers

What are the roles of the neurotransmitters in the nervous system?

Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that transmit signals across synapses between neurons. They can have excitatory or inhibitory effects on the receiving neuron. Signup and view all the answers

What is the hormone that works with other hormones to maintain homeostasis?

Insulin works with other hormones to maintain glucose homeostasis by promoting the uptake and storage of glucose. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between acidosis and alkalosis?

Acidosis is a condition characterized by an excess of acid in the body, leading to low blood pH, while alkalosis is a condition characterized by an excess of base, leading to high blood pH. Signup and view all the answers

How do the kidneys regulate blood pressure and blood pH?

The kidneys regulate blood pressure by adjusting the volume of blood and the concentration of ions, and they regulate blood pH by controlling the excretion of hydrogen ions and reabsorption of bicarbonate ions. Signup and view all the answers