Biology: Macromolecules and Energy Quiz

The four macromolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates and proteins provide 4 calories per gram, while lipids provide 9 calories per gram.

Food energy is converted into chemical energy (ATP) through the process of cellular respiration, specifically in the mitochondria of cells.

Saturated fats have no double bonds between carbon atoms, unsaturated fats have one or more double bonds, and trans fats are unsaturated fats with trans-isomer fatty acids.

<p>The body neutralizes pH through the action of buffers, which can donate or accept protons to maintain a stable pH. This would impact proteins the most.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two types of vitamins are water-soluble and fat-soluble. Water-soluble vitamins are absorbed directly into the bloodstream, while fat-soluble vitamins require fat for absorption and are stored in the body's fatty tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A food allergy involves the immune system's response to a specific food, while a food intolerance does not involve the immune system. Type I diabetes is an autoimmune disease, while type II diabetes is not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The four vital signs are: body temperature, pulse rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In an athlete, you might expect to see lower resting heart rate and lower blood pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In a newborn baby, you might expect to see higher heart rate and faster respiratory rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An electrocardiogram (ECG) is used to measure the electrical activity of the heart. The graph can show the heart's rhythm and electrical conduction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organs can stay alive for transplantation through cold storage or machine perfusion, which help preserve the organ's viability outside the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A complete blood count can diagnose disorders such as anemia, infection, and leukemia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The central dogma of molecular biology refers to the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The goal of DNA barcoding is to identify and classify species based on short DNA sequences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>GloFish are genetically modified fluorescent fish. They are created by inserting fluorescent genes from jellyfish and other organisms into zebrafish embryos.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The overall goal of public health is to prevent disease, promote health, and prolong life. Some current public health concerns include infectious diseases, mental health, and environmental health issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers