Biology Lecture on Evolution

A diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships between different groups of organisms.

A method of classifying organisms based on shared derived characteristics, focusing on evolutionary relationships.

A group of organisms that is not closely related to the group being studied, used as a reference point for comparison.

A system of classifying organisms based on their physical characteristics, which can be misleading.

A comparison of the anatomy of different organisms to determine evolutionary relationships.

The study of fossils to understand the history of life on Earth.

The study of genes and genetic inheritance to determine evolutionary relationships.

The biological evolution of new traits or characteristics over time.

A type of extinction where a species appears to disappear from the fossil record but actually evolves into a new species or migrates and evolves into a new species in a different environment.

The process by which organisms with traits better suited to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully, passing those traits on to their offspring.

The disappearance of a large number of species within a relatively short period of time, often caused by a catastrophic event or environmental change.

The theory that a large meteorite impact was a major factor in the extinction of the dinosaurs and many other species around 66 million years ago.

A theory that human activities are causing a significant increase in the rate of extinction, potentially leading to a sixth mass extinction event.

Any event or factor that causes the extinction of a large number of species.

The process of geological change where the Earth's tectonic plates shift and move, resulting in changes in land masses, ocean basins, and volcanic activity.

Changes in the Earth's climate, including temperature, rainfall, and atmospheric composition.

The process by which a species rapidly diversifies into many new species, often in response to a new environment or change in the environment.

A characteristic that has evolved relatively recently and is unique to a particular lineage of organisms.

The total number of chromosomes in a cell is called as haploid.

The total number of chromosomes in a cell is called as diploid.

A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution.

Minute changes in the gene pool of a population, often due to environmental factors.

Major evolutionary changes leading to the formation of new species over long periods. Can involve changes in body form, function, or adaptation.

Variations within a population's gene pool that occur due to environmental factors.

The process by which a population of organisms diverges from its ancestral form into a new species. Often driven by isolation and different environmental pressures.

Examples of micro evolution in action, such as variations in house sparrow populations or mosquito resistance to pesticides.

The different gene frequencies found in populations descended from the same ancestor.

Factors that influence the process of micro evolution, including predation, sexual selection, and environmental pressures.

Plants can have multiple sets of chromosomes, allowing genes to be turned on or off by the surrounding environment, resulting in adaptations for survival.

Changes in the environment can trigger adaptations in organisms, leading to evolutionary changes over time.

The ability of organisms to change or adjust in response to environmental pressures, allowing them to survive.

The study of changes in gene expression without alteration of the DNA sequence, influenced by environmental factors.

The ability of an organism to quickly reproduce and spread, contributing to its survival in challenging environments.

A change in the physical characteristics of a population over time, often driven by environmental factors.

Genes involved in controlling the expression of other genes, playing a crucial role in development and adaptation.

The process of organisms moving from one location to another, allowing them to avoid unfavorable environments and find new resources.

Darwin initially believed that traits blended together in offspring, like mixing paint colors. This was later proven incorrect by Mendel's discoveries in genetics.

The discovery of the basic principles of heredity, showing how traits are passed down through generations.