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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of wearing protective gear in a laboratory?
What is the function of the objective lens in a microscope?
What is the purpose of staining in microbiology?
What is the primary purpose of sterilization in microbiology?
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What is the purpose of cutting in dissection techniques?
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What is a key aspect of fieldwork in ecology and environmental science?
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Study Notes
Laboratory Safety
- Wear protective gear: lab coats, gloves, goggles, and closed-toe shoes
- Handle equipment and chemicals with care
- Follow instructions and protocols carefully
- Dispose of waste and materials properly
- Report accidents and incidents to the instructor immediately
Microscopy
- Types of microscopes:
- Light microscope: uses visible light
- Electron microscope: uses electron beam
- Parts of a microscope:
- Eyepiece: magnifies image
- Objective lens: focuses light
- Stage: holds slide
- Preparing slides:
- Fixing: preserves specimen
- Staining: enhances contrast
- Mounting: attaches specimen to slide
Microbiology
- Aseptic techniques:
- Sterilization: kills all microorganisms
- Disinfection: reduces microorganisms
- Microbial growth:
- Culture media: supports growth
- Incubation: provides optimal conditions
- Identification methods:
- Staining: Gram, acid-fast, etc.
- Biochemical tests: e.g., API, VITEK
Dissection
- Preparation:
- Fixing: preserves specimen
- Disinfection: reduces microorganisms
- Dissection techniques:
- Cutting: uses scissors and scalpels
- Probing: uses forceps and probes
- Identification of structures:
- Observation: uses hand lens and microscope
- Measurement: uses calipers and rulers
Ecology and Environmental Science
- Fieldwork:
- Sampling: collects data and specimens
- Observation: records environmental conditions
- Laboratory analysis:
- Water quality: pH, turbidity, etc.
- Soil analysis: pH, texture, etc.
- Data analysis:
- Graphs: visualizes data
- Statistical tests: e.g., t-test, ANOVA
Genetics and Molecular Biology
- DNA extraction:
- Isolation: separates DNA from cells
- Purification: removes impurities
- PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction):
- Amplification: increases DNA copy number
- Primers: specific DNA sequences
- Gel electrophoresis:
- Separation: based on size and charge
- Visualization: uses dyes and UV light
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Description
Test your knowledge of various laboratory techniques used in biology, including laboratory safety, microscopy, microbiology, dissection, ecology, and genetics. Learn about the equipment, procedures, and protocols used in each area.
