Biology Laboratory Techniques

Study Notes

Laboratory Safety

Wear protective gear: lab coats, gloves, goggles, and closed-toe shoes
Handle equipment and chemicals with care
Follow instructions and protocols carefully
Dispose of waste and materials properly
Report accidents and incidents to the instructor immediately

Microscopy

Types of microscopes:
- Light microscope: uses visible light
- Electron microscope: uses electron beam
Parts of a microscope:
- Eyepiece: magnifies image
- Objective lens: focuses light
- Stage: holds slide
Preparing slides:
- Fixing: preserves specimen
- Staining: enhances contrast
- Mounting: attaches specimen to slide

Microbiology

Aseptic techniques:
- Sterilization: kills all microorganisms
- Disinfection: reduces microorganisms
Microbial growth:
- Culture media: supports growth
- Incubation: provides optimal conditions
Identification methods:
- Staining: Gram, acid-fast, etc.
- Biochemical tests: e.g., API, VITEK

Dissection

Preparation:
- Fixing: preserves specimen
- Disinfection: reduces microorganisms
Dissection techniques:
- Cutting: uses scissors and scalpels
- Probing: uses forceps and probes
Identification of structures:
- Observation: uses hand lens and microscope
- Measurement: uses calipers and rulers

Ecology and Environmental Science

Fieldwork:
- Sampling: collects data and specimens
- Observation: records environmental conditions
Laboratory analysis:
- Water quality: pH, turbidity, etc.
- Soil analysis: pH, texture, etc.
Data analysis:
- Graphs: visualizes data
- Statistical tests: e.g., t-test, ANOVA

Genetics and Molecular Biology

DNA extraction:
- Isolation: separates DNA from cells
- Purification: removes impurities
PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction):
- Amplification: increases DNA copy number
- Primers: specific DNA sequences
Gel electrophoresis:
- Separation: based on size and charge
- Visualization: uses dyes and UV light

Description

Test your knowledge of various laboratory techniques used in biology, including laboratory safety, microscopy, microbiology, dissection, ecology, and genetics. Learn about the equipment, procedures, and protocols used in each area.