Biology Lab 1: Scientific Method and Reactions

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of the scientific method?

To process observations in a random manner

To invalidate existing scientific knowledge

To create theories from personal opinions

To study and understand the natural world (correct)

Which step of the scientific method involves generating possible explanations for observations?

Hypothesis (correct)

Observation

Experimentation

Conclusion

Which statement accurately describes an exothermic reaction?

It releases energy and increases temperature. (correct)

It involves the formation of new biomolecules.

It absorbs energy and decreases temperature.

It requires activation energy to start the reaction.

In an experiment, what is the role of the independent variable?

It is the manipulated factor to observe changes Signup and view all the answers

What happens when sodium bicarbonate is dissolved in water?

It cools slightly, absorbing energy from the surroundings. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a monosaccharide?

Glucose Signup and view all the answers

What combination of chemicals leads to a yellow color change in the experiment?

Calcium Chloride, Sodium Bicarbonate, and Phenol Red Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of proteins in living organisms?

They provide structural support and perform essential functions. Signup and view all the answers

Which variable changes as a result of manipulating the independent variable in an experiment?

Dependent Variable Signup and view all the answers

Which chemical combination is most likely responsible for gas production during the reaction?

Calcium Chloride, Sodium Bicarbonate, and Water Signup and view all the answers

Which of these biomolecules serves as a reserve storage food for plants?

Starch Signup and view all the answers

Which type of macromolecule is primarily composed of fatty acids and glycerol?

Fats Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon describes a reaction that absorbs heat, resulting in a decrease in temperature?

Endothermic reaction Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms describes a widely accepted explanation supported by substantial evidence?

Theory Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct description of a disaccharide?

Two simple sugars linked together. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of enzymes in biological processes?

They accelerate the rate of biochemical reactions. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Biology

The scientific study of living organisms.
The scientific method is used to study and understand the natural world.
Scientists analyze data to verify or reject their hypotheses.
Lab 1 focused on observing the scientific method and chemical reactions.

Steps of the Scientific Method

Observation
Hypothesis
Making predictions
Experimentation
Conclusion

Experiment: Exothermic and Endothermic reactions

Chemicals Used: Sodium bicarbonate, Calcium Chloride, Water, and Phenol Red (diluted).
Color Change: Calcium Chloride (CaCl2), Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), Phenol Red w/water (H2O) -> Yellow color change.
Gas Production: Calcium Chloride (CaCl2), Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), and water (H2O) in diluted Phenol Red solution.
Gas Type: Carbon dioxide gas (CO2) is most likely formed.
Temperature Changes:
- Exothermic Reaction: Releases energy as heat, increases temperature.
  - Calcium Chloride and baking soda in phenol red w/water produce heat.
  - Dissolving calcium chloride in water is exothermic.
- Endothermic Reaction: Absorbs energy from surroundings, lowers temperature.
  - Dissolving sodium bicarbonate in water is endothermic.

Organic Substances/Biological Molecules

Biomolecules: Organic molecules made by living organisms; also known as organic molecules and macromolecules. They include:
- Carbohydrates
- Fats
- Proteins

Carbohydrates

Organic compounds ranging from simple sugars to complex, large molecules.
Monosaccharides: Single simple sugar; glucose is an important example.
Disaccharides: Two simple sugars linked together; sucrose is an important example.
Polysaccharides: Many monosaccharides linked together; cellulose, starch, and glycogen are examples.
- Starch in plants and glycogen in animals function as reserve storage foods.

Fats

Dietary fats are made of fatty acids and glycerol.
Examples: Salad oils, margarines (from plants), butterfat (from animals).

Proteins

Essential for structure and function of organisms.
Found in every component of cells (nucleus, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes).
Large molecules made of long chains of amino acids linked with peptide bonds.
Examples: Beans, meat, dairy, nuts, enzymes.

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Description

Explore the fundamentals of the scientific method as applied in Biology Lab 1. This quiz covers observations, hypotheses, and the analysis of exothermic and endothermic reactions. Test your knowledge on the chemical reactions and data analysis involved in these experiments.