Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the youngest formally recognized discipline of natural science?
What is the youngest formally recognized discipline of natural science?
Biology
In which century did the utility of biological knowledge in furthering human welfare become evident?
In which century did the utility of biological knowledge in furthering human welfare become evident?
Twentieth Century
What are two areas where biological discoveries have made significant progress in advancing human welfare?
What are two areas where biological discoveries have made significant progress in advancing human welfare?
Health sector and agriculture
Which significant medical advancements are mentioned in the passage?
Which significant medical advancements are mentioned in the passage?
What is given as an example of significant socio-cultural changes brought about by agricultural practices, food processing, and diagnostics?
What is given as an example of significant socio-cultural changes brought about by agricultural practices, food processing, and diagnostics?
Where was M.S. Swaminathan born?
Where was M.S. Swaminathan born?
What was M.S. Swaminathan's area of expertise?
What was M.S. Swaminathan's area of expertise?
What was the name of the research institute that enabled M.S. Swaminathan to develop short-duration high-yielding varieties of rice?
What was the name of the research institute that enabled M.S. Swaminathan to develop short-duration high-yielding varieties of rice?
What is M.S. Swaminathan also known for developing?
What is M.S. Swaminathan also known for developing?
Who did M.S. Swaminathan collaborate with to initiate the 'Green Revolution'?
Who did M.S. Swaminathan collaborate with to initiate the 'Green Revolution'?
The 'Green Revolution' was achieved through the introduction of Mexican varieties of wheat in India.
The 'Green Revolution' was achieved through the introduction of Mexican varieties of wheat in India.
Besides the 'Green Revolution', what other environmental programmes did M.S. Swaminathan initiate?
Besides the 'Green Revolution', what other environmental programmes did M.S. Swaminathan initiate?
What are some of the prestigious awards, medals, and fellowships that M.S. Swaminathan received?
What are some of the prestigious awards, medals, and fellowships that M.S. Swaminathan received?
What was the early Greek concept of health based on?
What was the early Greek concept of health based on?
What was the name of the early Greek physician mentioned in the text who advocated the 'humors' theory?
What was the name of the early Greek physician mentioned in the text who advocated the 'humors' theory?
Which system of medicine in India also promoted the 'humors' theory?
Which system of medicine in India also promoted the 'humors' theory?
What is the scientific basis for the 'good humor' hypothesis of health?
What is the scientific basis for the 'good humor' hypothesis of health?
The discovery of blood circulation by William Harvey disproved the 'good humor' hypothesis.
The discovery of blood circulation by William Harvey disproved the 'good humor' hypothesis.
The 'good humor' hypothesis was ultimately disproved by the development of the thermometer.
The 'good humor' hypothesis was ultimately disproved by the development of the thermometer.
How does the neural system affect the body's health?
How does the neural system affect the body's health?
How does the endocrine system affect health?
How does the endocrine system affect health?
Health is solely influenced by genetic factors.
Health is solely influenced by genetic factors.
What is the main reason for a child suffering from genetic disorders?
What is the main reason for a child suffering from genetic disorders?
Besides genetic disorders, what are the other factors that can affect a person's health?
Besides genetic disorders, what are the other factors that can affect a person's health?
What components of life style can impact a person's health?
What components of life style can impact a person's health?
What is another definition of health, besides the absence of disease?
What is another definition of health, besides the absence of disease?
A healthy lifestyle involves practicing yoga.
A healthy lifestyle involves practicing yoga.
Maintaining good health is a personal responsibility and does not require community involvement.
Maintaining good health is a personal responsibility and does not require community involvement.
Maintaining a balance of physical and mental health is not essential for overall well-being.
Maintaining a balance of physical and mental health is not essential for overall well-being.
What is the term used for a condition where the functioning of one or more organs or systems of the body is adversely affected?
What is the term used for a condition where the functioning of one or more organs or systems of the body is adversely affected?
Into which two categories can diseases be broadly categorized?
Into which two categories can diseases be broadly categorized?
Infectious diseases can be easily transmitted from one person to another.
Infectious diseases can be easily transmitted from one person to another.
All infectious diseases are fatal.
All infectious diseases are fatal.
What is given as an example of a fatal infectious disease?
What is given as an example of a fatal infectious disease?
What is given as an example of a non-infectious disease that is a major cause of death?
What is given as an example of a non-infectious disease that is a major cause of death?
Drug and alcohol abuse are not considered to be factors that can negatively affect a person's health.
Drug and alcohol abuse are not considered to be factors that can negatively affect a person's health.
What are the categories of organisms that can cause human diseases?
What are the categories of organisms that can cause human diseases?
What is the term used for disease-causing organisms?
What is the term used for disease-causing organisms?
Most parasites are not considered pathogens.
Most parasites are not considered pathogens.
How do pathogens enter the human body?
How do pathogens enter the human body?
Pathogens must adapt to survive within the host's environment.
Pathogens must adapt to survive within the host's environment.
What is the name of the pathogenic bacterium that causes typhoid fever?
What is the name of the pathogenic bacterium that causes typhoid fever?
How do Salmonella typhi bacteria enter the human body?
How do Salmonella typhi bacteria enter the human body?
What are some of the symptoms of typhoid fever?
What are some of the symptoms of typhoid fever?
Typhoid fever can be diagnosed through a Widal test.
Typhoid fever can be diagnosed through a Widal test.
What is the common name given to Mary Mallon, a cook who was a typhoid carrier?
What is the common name given to Mary Mallon, a cook who was a typhoid carrier?
Which bacteria are responsible for pneumonia in humans?
Which bacteria are responsible for pneumonia in humans?
Pneumonia can be acquired through the inhalation of droplets or aerosols released by an infected person.
Pneumonia can be acquired through the inhalation of droplets or aerosols released by an infected person.
What type of virus is responsible for the common cold?
What type of virus is responsible for the common cold?
What are some of the symptoms of the common cold?
What are some of the symptoms of the common cold?
The common cold is transmitted only through direct contact with an infected person.
The common cold is transmitted only through direct contact with an infected person.
What type of microorganism is responsible for malaria?
What type of microorganism is responsible for malaria?
What is the name of the genus that causes malaria?
What is the name of the genus that causes malaria?
Which species of Plasmodium is responsible for the most serious form of malaria?
Which species of Plasmodium is responsible for the most serious form of malaria?
How does Plasmodium enter the human body?
How does Plasmodium enter the human body?
What are the stages of Plasmodium that infect humans?
What are the stages of Plasmodium that infect humans?
What happens to the Plasmodium parasites after they enter the human body?
What happens to the Plasmodium parasites after they enter the human body?
What is the name of the toxin released when RBCs rupture?
What is the name of the toxin released when RBCs rupture?
How does Plasmodium enter the Anopheles mosquito?
How does Plasmodium enter the Anopheles mosquito?
The life cycle of Plasmodium requires two hosts: humans and mosquitoes.
The life cycle of Plasmodium requires two hosts: humans and mosquitoes.
What is the name of the protozoan parasite that causes amoebiasis?
What is the name of the protozoan parasite that causes amoebiasis?
How is amoebiasis transmitted?
How is amoebiasis transmitted?
House flies can act as mechanical carriers of Entamoeba histolytica.
House flies can act as mechanical carriers of Entamoeba histolytica.
Which helminths are mentioned as pathogens in humans?
Which helminths are mentioned as pathogens in humans?
What is the name of the intestinal parasite that causes ascariasis?
What is the name of the intestinal parasite that causes ascariasis?
What are the two types of filarial worms that cause elephantiasis?
What are the two types of filarial worms that cause elephantiasis?
How is elephantiasis transmitted?
How is elephantiasis transmitted?
What is the term used for the fungal infections that cause dry, scaly lesions on the skin, nails, and scalp?
What is the term used for the fungal infections that cause dry, scaly lesions on the skin, nails, and scalp?
Ringworms are rarely contagious and are primarily caused by poor hygiene.
Ringworms are rarely contagious and are primarily caused by poor hygiene.
What is the primary measure for the prevention and control of many infectious diseases?
What is the primary measure for the prevention and control of many infectious diseases?
What are some measures included in personal hygiene?
What are some measures included in personal hygiene?
What are some measures included in public hygiene?
What are some measures included in public hygiene?
Close contact with infected individuals or their belongings is recommended to prevent infectious diseases.
Close contact with infected individuals or their belongings is recommended to prevent infectious diseases.
What are some examples of vectors that transmit diseases?
What are some examples of vectors that transmit diseases?
The best way to control vector-borne diseases like dengue and chikungunya is to avoid close contact with infected people.
The best way to control vector-borne diseases like dengue and chikungunya is to avoid close contact with infected people.
What is the significance of advances in biological science in combating infectious diseases?
What is the significance of advances in biological science in combating infectious diseases?
Vaccines and immunisation programmes have successfully eradicated smallpox.
Vaccines and immunisation programmes have successfully eradicated smallpox.
What diseases have been controlled to a large extent by the use of vaccines?
What diseases have been controlled to a large extent by the use of vaccines?
Biotechnology has no role to play in developing newer and safer vaccines.
Biotechnology has no role to play in developing newer and safer vaccines.
The discovery of antibiotics has not made a significant contribution to the treatment of infectious diseases.
The discovery of antibiotics has not made a significant contribution to the treatment of infectious diseases.
What is the term used to describe the body's ability to fight disease-causing organisms?
What is the term used to describe the body's ability to fight disease-causing organisms?
What are the two main types of immunity?
What are the two main types of immunity?
What is innate immunity?
What is innate immunity?
What are the four types of barriers that contribute to innate immunity?
What are the four types of barriers that contribute to innate immunity?
What is the primary physical barrier that prevents pathogens from entering the body?
What is the primary physical barrier that prevents pathogens from entering the body?
What are some examples of physiological barriers?
What are some examples of physiological barriers?
What are some examples of cellular barriers that contribute to innate immunity?
What are some examples of cellular barriers that contribute to innate immunity?
What are cytokines?
What are cytokines?
Acquired immunity is pathogen-specific, meaning that the body's response is tailored to a particular pathogen.
Acquired immunity is pathogen-specific, meaning that the body's response is tailored to a particular pathogen.
Acquired immunity is not associated with memory.
Acquired immunity is not associated with memory.
What are the two types of lymphocytes involved in acquired immunity?
What are the two types of lymphocytes involved in acquired immunity?
What are antibodies?
What are antibodies?
T-lymphocytes produce antibodies.
T-lymphocytes produce antibodies.
What are the four peptide chains present in an antibody molecule?
What are the four peptide chains present in an antibody molecule?
The term 'humoral immune response' refers to antibody-mediated immunity.
The term 'humoral immune response' refers to antibody-mediated immunity.
What is the other type of acquired immune response, besides humoral immunity?
What is the other type of acquired immune response, besides humoral immunity?
What is the primary reason for graft rejection?
What is the primary reason for graft rejection?
What are the two types of immunity that are typically acquired through exposure to antigens?
What are the two types of immunity that are typically acquired through exposure to antigens?
Active immunity is a rapid response that provides immediate protection against pathogens.
Active immunity is a rapid response that provides immediate protection against pathogens.
Passive immunity is a slow response that involves the body's own immune system.
Passive immunity is a slow response that involves the body's own immune system.
Mother's milk is considered essential for newborns because it provides passive immunity.
Mother's milk is considered essential for newborns because it provides passive immunity.
What is the term used for the yellowish fluid produced in mother's milk during the initial days of lactation?
What is the term used for the yellowish fluid produced in mother's milk during the initial days of lactation?
Besides mother's milk, what is another example of passive immunity?
Besides mother's milk, what is another example of passive immunity?
What is the basis of vaccination and immunisation?
What is the basis of vaccination and immunisation?
Vaccines introduce weakened or inactivated pathogens into the body.
Vaccines introduce weakened or inactivated pathogens into the body.
What is the purpose of the antibodies produced in the body in response to vaccination?
What is the purpose of the antibodies produced in the body in response to vaccination?
Vaccines generate memory B- and T- cells, which will quickly recognize and respond to pathogens upon subsequent exposures.
Vaccines generate memory B- and T- cells, which will quickly recognize and respond to pathogens upon subsequent exposures.
In cases of infections where a quick immune response is essential, antibodies are directly injected to provide immediate protection.
In cases of infections where a quick immune response is essential, antibodies are directly injected to provide immediate protection.
What type of immunisation involves injecting preformed antibodies?
What type of immunisation involves injecting preformed antibodies?
Flashcards
Health Definition
Health Definition
A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease.
Infectious Disease
Infectious Disease
A disease easily spread from person to person.
Non-infectious Disease
Non-infectious Disease
A disease not spread from person to person.
Pathogen
Pathogen
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Typhoid Fever
Typhoid Fever
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Pneumonia
Pneumonia
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Common Cold
Common Cold
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Malaria
Malaria
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Amoebiasis
Amoebiasis
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Ascariasis
Ascariasis
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Elephantiasis
Elephantiasis
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Ringworm
Ringworm
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Innate Immunity
Innate Immunity
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Acquired Immunity
Acquired Immunity
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Antibody
Antibody
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AIDS
AIDS
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Cancer
Cancer
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Tumor
Tumor
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Metastasis
Metastasis
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Carcinogen
Carcinogen
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Drug Abuse
Drug Abuse
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Addiction
Addiction
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Dependence
Dependence
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Vaccination
Vaccination
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Immunization
Immunization
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Study Notes
Biology in Human Welfare
- Biology is a relatively young science compared to physics and chemistry.
- Biology's practical applications, like in health and agriculture, are becoming increasingly important.
- Advances in biology have improved medical practices and increased life expectancy.
- Agricultural innovations and diagnostics have brought significant societal changes.
Chapter 8: Human Health and Disease
- Early understanding of health focused on a balance of bodily "humors."
- Modern biology recognizes a more complex interplay of factors influencing health.
- Genetic disorders, infections, and lifestyle contribute to many diseases.
Chapter 9: Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production
- The development of high-yielding varieties of crops has been a major achievement.
- Increased crop yields contribute to food security.
Chapter 10: Microbes in Human Welfare
- Microorganisms play crucial roles in human health and disease.
- Both helpful and harmful microbes exist.
Common Diseases in Humans
- Bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and helminths can cause diseases.
- Pathogens cause harm by interfering with normal body functions.
- Diseases like pneumonia, typhoid, and malaria have specific causes, symptoms, and transmission methods.
Immunity (8.2)
- Innate immunity: Provides initial defenses against pathogens present at birth.
- Acquired immunity: Develops after exposure to pathogens—highly specific and has memory.
- Active immunity: Body produces antibodies in response to an infection or vaccine.
- Passive immunity: Receive antibodies from another source (e.g., mother's milk); short-lived.
- Immune system components, including physical barriers, phagocytes, and antibodies, all contribute to overall protection.
Allergies (8.2.5)
- Allergies are an exaggerated immune response to certain environmental substances (allergens).
- Allergic reactions can cause various symptoms like sneezing, watery eyes, and breathing difficulties.
Auto-immunity (8.2.6)
- Autoimmune diseases occur when the body's immune system attacks its own tissues.
AIDS (8.3)
- AIDS is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), a retrovirus.
- HIV infection leads to a decline in the number of helper T-cells, weakening the immune system.
- HIV transmission happens through specific bodily fluids.
Cancer (8.4)
- Cancer involves uncontrolled cell growth and division, leading to tumors.
- Benign tumors are localized, while malignant tumors can metastasize.
- Several factors contribute to cancer development—genetic predisposition, environmental exposure, and viral infections.
- Techniques like biopsies and imaging help diagnose cancer.
- Treatments include surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy.
Drugs and Alcohol Abuse (8.5)
- Drug and alcohol abuse has negative effects on individuals and society.
- Addiction leads to dependence and potential physical and mental health consequences.
- Abuse can affect various body systems and lead to social issues.
- Prevention and control measures are important.
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Description
Explore the significant impacts of biology on human health and agriculture through Chapters 8 to 10. Understand how the interplay of various factors influences health, the role of microbes, and advancements in food production. This quiz highlights the contributions of biological science to health and societal progress.
