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Questions and Answers
What type of variation is primarily caused by genetic factors?
What type of variation is primarily caused by genetic factors?
Phenotypic variation can only be caused by genetic factors.
Phenotypic variation can only be caused by genetic factors.
False
What are the two main types of variation in a species?
What are the two main types of variation in a species?
Genetic variation and phenotypic variation
Continuous variation results in a range of phenotypes between two extremes, such as _______ or _______.
Continuous variation results in a range of phenotypes between two extremes, such as _______ or _______.
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Match the following terms to their definitions:
Match the following terms to their definitions:
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Which factor can increase the rate of mutation?
Which factor can increase the rate of mutation?
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The potential height of an organism is solely determined by environmental factors.
The potential height of an organism is solely determined by environmental factors.
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What is the role of meiosis in genetic variation?
What is the role of meiosis in genetic variation?
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Which of the following features is NOT an adaptive feature of xerophytes?
Which of the following features is NOT an adaptive feature of xerophytes?
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Hydrophytes have adaptations that help them minimize water loss.
Hydrophytes have adaptations that help them minimize water loss.
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What is the primary environment where xerophytes typically thrive?
What is the primary environment where xerophytes typically thrive?
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Xerophytes have a _____ waxy cuticle to prevent water loss.
Xerophytes have a _____ waxy cuticle to prevent water loss.
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Which characteristic of hydrophytes promotes water loss?
Which characteristic of hydrophytes promotes water loss?
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Xerophytes often have small, rolled leaves or spines.
Xerophytes often have small, rolled leaves or spines.
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How do deep roots help xerophytes survive in dry climates?
How do deep roots help xerophytes survive in dry climates?
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Match the plant type with its adaptation:
Match the plant type with its adaptation:
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What is the main mechanism for evolution as described in the content?
What is the main mechanism for evolution as described in the content?
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Antibiotic-resistant bacteria result from environmental changes and external pressures.
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria result from environmental changes and external pressures.
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What is selective breeding?
What is selective breeding?
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Natural selection results in organisms with _____ characteristics surviving and reproducing more effectively.
Natural selection results in organisms with _____ characteristics surviving and reproducing more effectively.
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Which of the following is an example of a plant that has been selectively bred?
Which of the following is an example of a plant that has been selectively bred?
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Negative characteristics in a species are likely to become more common over time due to reproduction.
Negative characteristics in a species are likely to become more common over time due to reproduction.
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What trait was selectively bred for in German Shepherds?
What trait was selectively bred for in German Shepherds?
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Match the following definitions with their terms:
Match the following definitions with their terms:
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Study Notes
Variation
- Variation refers to the differences between organisms within a species.
- Variation is beneficial, reducing the risk of extinction from diseases.
- Two types of variation exist: genetic and phenotypic.
Genetic Variation
- Genetic variation is caused by differences in DNA.
- Meiosis, random mating, and random fertilization contribute to genetic variation.
- Gametes have different alleles (alternate forms of a gene).
- Gamete fusion creates a new combination of genes.
Phenotypic Variation
- Phenotype describes observable characteristics (e.g., height, hair color).
- Phenotypic variation is influenced by both genetics and the environment.
- Environmental factors can affect the expression of genetic traits.
Types of Variation
- Continuous variation: A range of phenotypes between two extremes (e.g., height, weight).
- Discontinuous variation: Limited to distinct categories (e.g., blood type, seed shape).
- Discontinuous variation is mainly determined by genes, while continuous variation is influenced by both genes and the environment.
Mutations
- Mutations are random changes in DNA sequences.
- Mutations can change alleles and lead to new characteristics.
- Exposure to chemicals or radiation can increase mutations.
- Mutations at specific alleles can alter their function.
Adaptive Features
- Adaptive features enhance an organism's survival and reproduction.
- They are inherited traits that improve fitness (ability to survive and reproduce).
- Examples include small ears reducing heat loss and thick fur for insulation.
Xerophytes
- Xerophytes are plants adapted to dry climates.
- Adaptations minimize water loss (e.g., fewer stomata, thick cuticles, deep roots).
- Examples include cacti and other desert plants.
Hydrophytes
- Hydrophytes are plants adapted to wet conditions.
- Adaptations maximize water uptake (e.g., large, flat leaves, thin cuticles, numerous stomata).
- Examples include water lilies and other aquatic plants.
Selection
- Natural selection favors advantageous traits enabling survival and reproduction.
- Organisms with favorable alleles have a higher chance of surviving and reproducing.
- Over time, less favorable traits become less common.
- Evolution involves adaptation to the environment.
Antibiotic Resistance
- Mutations can lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria.
- Resistant bacteria survive antibiotic treatment and reproduce.
- This creates more resistant bacteria over time.
Selective Breeding
- Humans select and breed organisms with desirable traits.
- Repeated breeding across generations amplifies chosen traits.
- Artificial selection, a controlled process, leads to desired traits in offspring.
- German Shepherd breeding is an example, emphasizing desirable traits (intelligence and agility).
- Selective breeding applies to plants too, such as the various banana varieties.
Natural vs. Artificial Selection
- Natural selection occurs naturally in the environment.
- Artificial selection is controlled by humans.
- Natural selection takes a long time, while artificial selection is faster.
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Description
Explore the concepts of genetic and phenotypic variation in this quiz. Understand how these variations arise, their benefits, and the different types that exist within a species. Test your knowledge on the factors influencing variation in organisms.
