Biology: Gastrulation and Germ Layers

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What is the name of the structure that contributes to the formation of the ventral lip during gastrulation in the frog embryo?

Archenteron

Blastocoel

Bottle cells (correct)

Yolk plug

What process destroys the blastocoel during gastrulation in the frog embryo?

Archenteron development

Involution (correct)

Ectoderm formation

Blastopore formation

Which of the following layers of the embryo is formed during gastrulation in the frog?

Ectoderm

Mesoderm

Endoderm

All of the above (correct)

What structure becomes the anal end of the gut in the frog embryo during gastrulation?

Blastopore Signup and view all the answers

Which cells in the frog blastula move inward to form the dorsal lip of the blastopore during gastrulation?

Bottle cells Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the cells of the animal pole in the frog blastula during gastrulation?

They spread out, pushing surface cells below them toward and across the dorsal lip Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the structure that forms during gastrulation in the frog embryo?

Archenteron Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a layer of the embryo formed during gastrulation in the frog?

Ectoplasm Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of gastrulation in animal embryos?

To create the three germ layers Signup and view all the answers

Which germ layer eventually becomes the outer layer consisting of the skin and nervous system?

Ectoderm Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the mesoderm, one of the germ layers formed during gastrulation?

Producing muscles and organs Signup and view all the answers

During sea urchin gastrulation, where do primary mesenchyme cells move to?

Vegetal Hemisphere Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is involved in the movement of primary mesenchyme cells in sea urchin gastrulation?

Blastopore Signup and view all the answers

What do primary mesenchyme cells secrete during their movement in sea urchin gastrulation?

Enzymes Signup and view all the answers

Which layer in gastrulation forms the innermost layer that becomes the digestive and respiratory tract?

Endoderm Signup and view all the answers

What is the final outcome of mesoderm development during gastrulation?

Muscles and organs Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the hypoblast during gastrulation in the chick embryo?

To serve as a supportive layer and be displaced by migrating endoderm cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events during primitive streak formation in the chick embryo?

The posterior epiblast cells change shape and thicken, forming the primitive streak, and cells then migrate and converge at the primitive streak. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct description of the primitive groove in the chick embryo?

The primitive groove is an elongated blastopore through which cells ingress during gastrulation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Hensen's node during gastrulation in the chick embryo?

Hensen's node is the organizing center that coordinates the development of the embryonic layers. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the contributions of the epiblast and hypoblast during gastrulation in the chick embryo is correct?

The epiblast forms the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm layers, while the hypoblast serves as a supportive layer and is displaced by migrating endoderm cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the primitive streak, primitive groove, and Hensen's node in the chick embryo during gastrulation?

The primitive streak forms first, and then the primitive groove and Hensen's node develop within it. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct description of the relationship between the primitive streak and the formation of the three main embryonic layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm) in the chick embryo?

The primitive streak is responsible for the formation of all three embryonic layers. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the primitive groove during gastrulation in the chick embryo?

The primitive groove is the region where cells ingress during the process of gastrulation. Signup and view all the answers

What do Notochord Neural Crest cells go on to form?

Peripheral nerves Signup and view all the answers

Where do Somites form along the developing embryo?

Head-to-tail axis Signup and view all the answers

What structure do Ganglia serve as?

Information relay structures to and from the central nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What do Neural Crest Cells lead to the formation of?

Melanocytes, Cranial Nerves, and Ganglia Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the neural tube forms the spinal cord?

Posterior portion Signup and view all the answers

What controls eating, sleeping, emotions, and reproductive functions?

Forebrain Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the neural tube initially forms the brain?

Forebrain Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of Somites?

Form skeletal muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the notochord in neural tube development?

Releasing signaling molecules like Sonic hedgehog (Shh) to pattern the neural tube Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the ectoderm in neural tube patterning?

It secretes BMP proteins that establish a signaling gradient in the neural tube Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is correct?

It is a secreted signaling protein produced by the notochord Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the signaling gradients established by Shh and BMP in the developing neural tube?

To provide positional information for cell differentiation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cell types initially develops from the neural tube?

Motor neurons Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of TGF proteins in neural tube development?

Promoting neural crest cell migration Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the neural crest cells is correct?

They originate from the ectoderm Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of BMP proteins in neural tube patterning?

Establishing a signaling gradient for cell differentiation Signup and view all the answers