Questions and Answers
What is a carbohydrate?
Starch, cellulose, glucose, glycogen and other sugars; composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
What are lipids?
Storage for energy, fats, oils, waxes; composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
What are proteins?
Controls rate of chemical reactions, regulates cell processes; composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
What are nucleic acids?
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What elements are found in proteins?
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What elements are found in carbohydrates?
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What elements are found in lipids?
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What are the elements found in nucleotides?
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What are the functions of nucleic acids?
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What are the functions of proteins?
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What are the functions of carbohydrates?
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What are the functions of lipids?
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What does Atomic # represent?
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What is Atomic Mass #?
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What do Protons (P) equal?
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What do Electrons (E) equal?
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What are Neutrons?
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What does Atomic # indicate?
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What does Atomic Mass indicate?
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Study Notes
Carbohydrates (CHO)
- Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
- Examples include starch, cellulose, glucose, and glycogen.
- Function as an energy source and structural component for plants (cellulose in cell walls).
Lipids (CHO)
- Made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
- Include fats, oils, and waxes.
- Serve as long-term energy storage, provide insulation, cushion organs, and are integral to cell membranes.
Proteins (CHON)
- Composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
- Play critical roles in controlling chemical reactions, regulating cell processes, and transporting materials (e.g., oxygen and carbon dioxide).
- Can function as enzymes and antibodies to help fight infections.
Nucleic Acids (CHONP)
- Made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus.
- Include DNA and RNA, essential for carrying genetic information.
- Control cellular activities and heredity.
Elements in Biological Molecules
- Proteins consist of CHON (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen).
- Carbohydrates consist of CHO (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen).
- Lipids consist of CHO (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen).
- Nucleotides are composed of CHONP (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus).
Functions of Macromolecules
- Nucleic acids carry genetic information and oversee cellular functions.
- Proteins manage reactions, transport substances, and aid in immune responses.
- Carbohydrates primarily serve as an energy source and provide structural support.
- Lipids participate in energy storage, organ protection, and cellular structure.
Atomic Structure Basics
- Atomic number equals the number of protons, which is also the number of electrons in a neutral atom.
- Atomic mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons.
- Protons determine an atom’s atomic mass.
- Electrons equal the number of protons.
- Neutrons can be calculated as atomic mass minus the number of protons.
- Atomic number is typically smaller than atomic mass; atomic mass is the larger number in elemental notation.
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Description
Explore key concepts related to macromolecules including carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. This quiz will test your understanding of their structures, functions, and compositions. Perfect for biology students looking to reinforce their knowledge.
