Questions and Answers
Lipids are the only class of macromolecules that contain __________.
Fatty Acids
The covalent bonds connecting monomer units in sugars can be formed by the removal of a water molecule. This reaction is referred to as __________.
Proteins are polymers formed of structural units called __________.
Amino Acids
Organic molecules have a carbon backbone and __________ such as -OH and -NH2 that can form hydrogen bonds.
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In what form would sugar be stored in the deer's liver?
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What can you infer about myoglobin?
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What characteristic would the R groups of amino acids have if they are located within the interior of biological membranes?
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The specific amino acid sequence of a protein is its __________.
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Amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds in a __________.
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What level of protein structure does a rope-like strand of collagen represent?
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You hear the speaker referring to the 'amino end' and the 'carboxyl end' of a macromolecule. What are they talking about?
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When you fry an egg, why does the egg white turn from clear to white?
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What can you conclude if a nucleic acid contains uracil?
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DNA and RNA contain functional units known as __________.
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The nitrogenous base that is only found in DNA and not in RNA is __________.
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The biological macromolecule that is least soluble in water is a/an __________.
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You recently identified a novel protein with several membrane-spanning domains. What would you predict about the amino acids embedded in the membrane?
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These biological compounds are nonpolar and insoluble in water __________.
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Common lipids for energy storage are __________.
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In a phospholipid, the phosphate would be found in which part of a membrane?
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Study Notes
Lipids and Macromolecules
- Lipids uniquely contain fatty acids, distinguishing them from other macromolecule classes.
- Common types of lipids include triglycerides, which serve as energy storage compounds.
Reactions in Biochemistry
- The formation of covalent bonds in sugars occurs through a dehydration reaction, involving the removal of a water molecule.
- Hydrolysis reactions involve the addition of water to break down polymers.
Protein Structure and Function
- Proteins are made of amino acids, the fundamental building blocks.
- The specific sequence of amino acids in a protein is referred to as its primary structure.
- Myoglobin consists of a single polypeptide chain, lacking quaternary structure.
Amino Acid Properties
- Hydrophobic R groups of amino acids are typically located within biological membranes.
- Collagen, a structural protein, demonstrates quaternary structure with three polypeptide chains twisted together.
Functional Groups and Organic Molecules
- Organic molecules contain functional groups (e.g., -OH, -NH2) allowing for hydrogen bonding.
- Proteins have distinct ends referred to as the "amino end" and "carboxyl end."
Denaturation and Protein States
- Denaturation of proteins, such as the transformation of egg whites during cooking, reflects changes in structure while maintaining amino acid composition.
Nucleic Acids
- The presence of uracil indicates the molecule is RNA, while thymine is found only in DNA.
- Nucleotides are the functional units of nucleic acids, forming the backbone of DNA and RNA.
Solubility and Molecular Structure
- Lipids are the least soluble macromolecules in water, distinguishing them from carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids.
- The structure of phospholipids allows hydrophilic phosphate groups to interact with water on the membrane's surface.
Membrane-Spanning Proteins
- Proteins with multiple membrane-spanning domains typically contain nonpolar amino acids embedded within the lipid bilayer.
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Description
Test your knowledge of macromolecules in biochemistry with this quiz. It covers key definitions and concepts related to lipids, sugars, and their reactions. Perfect for students in intermediate biology or biochemistry courses.
