maderpaker

18 Questions

What is the normal adult cut-off point for triglycerides?

60-150 mg/dL

Which dyslipidemia is a result of imbalance between synthesis and clearance of VLDL in the circulation?

Combined hyperlipoproteinemia

Which gene is defective in Tangier’s disease?

ABCA1 gene

Which fasting hour is preferred for total cholesterol testing?

12 hours

Which is the reference method for total cholesterol measurement?

Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry

Which characteristic implicates combined hyperlipidemia?

Increased triglycerides and cholesterol

Which principle is involved in cholesterol measurement using the Abell-Kendall method?

Non-enzymatic, 2-step

What is the desirable adult cholesterol level?

5.2 mmol/L

According to the NCEP ATP III guidelines, how would you classify a triglyceride level of 300 mg/dL?

Very high

What is the sensitivity of the cholesterol method found in the module?

0.06 mmol/L

Which type of fatty acid lowers the risk of cardiovascular disease?

Polyunsaturated

Which enzyme is the rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of cholesterol?

HMG-CoA reductase

What is the major protein of HDL?

Apo A-I

Which lipoprotein is exclusively found in chylomicrons?

Apo B-48

Which lipoprotein is the major carrier of endogenous triglycerides?

VLDL

Which specimen is most often used to determine total proteins?

Serum

Which of the following can increase the test result of total protein determination?

Lipemia, hemolysis, and dehydration

What is true of HDL particles?

Spherical represent newly secreted HDL

Study Notes

Lipid Metabolism

Fatty acid with 12 carbon atoms is classified as medium-chain.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids lower the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Cholesterol Biosynthesis

HMG-CoA reductase is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis.

Lipoproteins

Apo A-I is the major protein of HDL.
Apo B-48 is exclusively found in chylomicrons.
VLDL is the major carrier of endogenous triglycerides.

Lipid Profile

Total protein levels decrease in recumbent position.
At birth, total protein concentration is lower, and adult levels are reached by age 3.
Lipemia, sample hemolysis, and dehydration can increase total protein determination results.

HDL Particles

Spherical HDL particles contain 3 apoA-1 molecules.
Discoidal HDL is less common and more active.

Lipoprotein Function

Chylomicrons principally carry exogenous cholesterol.
VLDL carries endogenous triglycerides.

Dyslipidemia

Combined hyperlipoproteinemia results from an imbalance between VLDL synthesis and clearance.
Tangier's disease is caused by a defective ABCA1 gene.

Lipid Testing

12-hour fasting is preferred for total cholesterol testing.
The reference method for total cholesterol measurement is Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry.

Triglyceride Measurement

The Van Handel & Zilversmith method determines triglycerides.
Designated calibrated blanking is used to correct for endogenous glycerol in triglyceride measurement.

Hyperlipidemia

Combined hyperlipidemia is characterized by increased triglycerides and cholesterol.
Abell-Kendall method is used for cholesterol measurement, which involves an enzymatic, 2-step process.

Lipid Determination

Serum is the preferred sample for lipid determination.
A triglyceride level of 300 mg/dL is classified as very high according to NCEP ATP III guidelines.
A cholesterol level of 300 mg/dL is classified as high risk.

Lipoprotein Classification

Chylomicrons are the lowest in density and the largest lipoprotein.
VLDL is formed in the liver and carries endogenous triglycerides.
LDL is the major cholesterol carrier.
HDL is also known as "good cholesterol".
IDL is referred to as the transitional form.

This quiz tests your knowledge of fatty acids, their classification, and their role in cholesterol biosynthesis. It covers topics such as the characteristics of different fatty acid chains, the benefits of specific fatty acids, and the enzymes involved in cholesterol production.

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