Biology Experiment Principles Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which statement is a proper scientific hypothesis?

  • The universe is expanding.
  • All plants need sunlight to grow. (correct)
  • Eating vegetables improves your health.
  • The earth is the only planet in the universe that supports life.

What is the most crucial aspect of a scientific hypothesis?

  • It needs to be proven true.
  • It should be backed by previous studies.
  • It must be falsifiable. (correct)
  • It should be original and novel.

Why is it important to have a control treatment in an experiment?

  • To eliminate any potential variables that could influence the results.
  • To ensure the experiment is conducted ethically.
  • To provide a baseline for comparison with the experimental treatment. (correct)
  • To gather data on the effects of the independent variable on the dependent variable.

Which of the following is a qualitative observation?

<p>The plant's leaves are a bright shade of green. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of replication in an experiment?

<p>To validate the findings and reduce the influence of random errors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of repeating an experiment multiple times or using a large sample size in biological studies?

<p>It increases the validity of the results. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the farmed salmon example, what is the independent variable?

<p>The origin of the salmon (wild or farmed). (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would be considered a standardized variable in the farmed salmon experiment?

<p>The species of salmon being studied. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is qualitative data?

<p>Data that describes qualities or characteristics. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In situations where complete control over variables is impossible, what should researchers do to understand potential influences?

<p>Collect as much data as possible before and after the event to understand potential influences. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a control treatment in an experiment?

<p>To provide a baseline for comparison (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is repeatability essential in scientific experimentation?

<p>To confirm the validity of the results (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a characteristic of a valid experiment?

<p>Focusing on a single independent variable (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the independent variable in an experiment?

<p>The variable that is changed by the experimenter (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the analysis of results contribute to the conclusion of an experiment?

<p>It supports or refutes the original hypothesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between an experimental treatment and a control treatment?

<p>The experimental treatment involves manipulating the independent variable (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an element of an experiment?

<p>Generalization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of a hypothesis in an experiment?

<p>To predict the outcome of the experiment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equivalent of 1.5 L in milliliters (mL)?

<p>1500 mL (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many centimeters (cm) are in 0.005 kilometers (km)?

<p>5000 cm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which unit of measurement is most appropriate for measuring the volume of a small bottle of water?

<p>Milliliter (mL) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the value of 1000 micrometers (μm) in millimeters (mm)?

<p>1 mm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following prefixes represents 10^-3 (one thousandth)?

<p>Milli (m) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using the metric system in scientific measurements?

<p>To ensure consistency and communication among scientists worldwide. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these countries still employs the imperial system of measurement?

<p>Canada (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using quantitative measurements in science?

<p>They provide a more precise and objective way to express information. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a unit of measurement in the metric system?

<p>Foot (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for the standardization of the imperial system?

<p>To ensure that the system is consistent across different regions and countries. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of using the metric system in scientific measurements?

<p>Direct connection to the barleycorn standard for historical accuracy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the statement 'The tree is tall' considered less precise than 'The tree is 29.6 metres tall'?

<p>The second statement provides a specific numerical value for its height. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the conversion factor needed to convert kilometers to meters?

<p>1000 meters / 1 kilometer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many centimeters are there in 5 meters?

<p>500 cm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using laboratory equipment in scientific measurements?

<p>To make measurements more accurate and repeatable. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the difference between the metric and imperial systems?

<p>The metric system is simpler because conversion factors are based on powers of 10. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which imperial measurement is equivalent to approximately 1 meter?

<p>1 yard (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for converting Celsius to Fahrenheit?

<p>°F = (°C x 1.8) + 32 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the enzyme that oxidizes catechol to quinone?

<p>Catecholase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of quinone in fruits and vegetables?

<p>To act as an antimicrobial agent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of exposure to oxygen on catechol in the presence of catecholase?

<p>Catechol becomes more reactive (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting enzyme activity?

<p>Light intensity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Figure 4.4 illustrate about enzymes?

<p>Each enzyme has a specific pH at which it is most active (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the role of enzymes in chemical reactions?

<p>Enzymes lower the activation energy needed for reactions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors can affect the functionality of enzymes?

<p>Environmental factors, including temperature and pH. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, what is the term for the substance upon which an enzyme acts?

<p>Substrate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are positive and negative controls important in enzyme experiments?

<p>They provide a way to compare and ensure reproducibility in results. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly identifies an aspect of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction process?

<p>Enzymes help to bring reactants closer together to increase the reaction rate. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do enzymes play in chemical reactions?

<p>They lower the activation energy for reactions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the specific region where substrates bind on an enzyme?

<p>Active site (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do you call the substances that an enzyme acts upon?

<p>Substrates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do environmental factors like temperature affect enzymes?

<p>They influence the optimal functioning of enzymes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the specificity of enzymes?

<p>Enzymes are substrate-specific and catalyze particular reactions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the catecholase enzyme when it is exposed to acid?

<p>It is inactivated (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does catalase break down into water and oxygen?

<p>Hydrogen peroxide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme initiates the digestion of starch in the human body?

<p>Amylase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a spectrophotometer primarily measure?

<p>Concentration of a substance using light (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does cooking have on enzymes like catecholase?

<p>It denatures the enzyme (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Lab Safety Procedures

Rules and practices to ensure safety during lab activities.

Scientific Method Steps

A series of steps for conducting scientific research: observation, question, hypothesis, etc.

Good Scientific Hypothesis

A testable and falsifiable statement predicting an outcome.

Dependent vs. Independent Variables

Dependent variables respond to changes, independent variables are manipulated.

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Quantitative vs. Qualitative Data

Quantitative data is numerical, while qualitative data describes characteristics.

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Hypothesis

A testable statement predicting the outcome of an experiment.

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Independent Variable

The variable that is changed by the experimenter in an experiment.

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Dependent Variable

The outcome variable measured during the experiment, affected by the independent variable.

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Standardized Variables

Variables kept constant across all experimental treatments to ensure valid results.

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Control Treatment

The group where the independent variable is not applied, serving as a baseline for comparison.

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Experimental Treatment

The group where the independent variable is manipulated to observe effects.

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Repeatability

The ability of an experiment to produce the same results when repeated under the same conditions.

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Conclusion

Decision made to accept or reject the hypothesis based on data analysis in the experiment.

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Experimental Variability

Natural differences in experimental responses due to biological systems.

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Independent Variable in Experiments

The variable that is manipulated to observe its effect on the dependent variable.

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Dependent Variable in Experiments

The variable that is measured as a response to changes in the independent variable.

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Control Group

The group in an experiment that is not exposed to the treatment and serves as a baseline.

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Data Presentation Methods

Ways to display experimental results, often in tables and graphs for clarity.

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Metric Units

Standardized units of measurement used globally, including length, weight, volume, and temperature.

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Weight in Metric

The metric unit for weight is kilogram (kg).

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Length in Metric

The metric unit for length is meter (m).

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Volume in Metric

The metric unit for volume is liter (L).

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Temperature in Metric

The metric unit for temperature is Celsius (°C).

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Unit Conversion

The process of changing a measurement from one unit to another, e.g., metric to imperial.

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Laboratory Equipment Functions

Instruments like beakers and thermometers used for scientific measurements.

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Graphing Data

Presenting numerical data visually using graphs with labels for clarity.

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Metric System

A measurement system based on units of 10 for various quantities.

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Standard Metric Units

Basic units in the metric system: meter, liter, gram.

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Conversion Factor

A ratio used to convert between different units of measurement.

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Relation: ml and cm³

1 milliliter is equal to 1 cubic centimeter (1 ml = 1 cm³).

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Metric Prefixes

Prefixes that indicate powers of ten for metric units (kilo, centi, milli, micro).

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Unit Cancellation

A method in dimensional analysis where units are canceled out to simplify calculations.

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Imperial System

A system of measurement used primarily in the United States, using units like feet, gallons, and pounds.

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Temperature Conversion

The process of changing temperature values from one scale to another, e.g., Celsius to Fahrenheit.

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Enzyme

A protein that speeds up biochemical reactions by lowering activation energy.

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Substrate

The substance on which an enzyme acts during a chemical reaction.

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Active Site

The specific region of an enzyme where the substrate binds and the reaction occurs.

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Catalyst

A substance that increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed in the process.

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Reaction Rate

The speed at which reactants are converted into products in a chemical reaction.

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Enzyme-Substrate Complex

A temporary formation when substrates bind to enzymes during a reaction.

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Environmental Effects on Enzyme Activity

Factors like temperature and pH that influence how enzymes function.

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Enzyme Optimal pH

Enzymes work best at specific pH levels; stomach enzymes prefer acidic conditions.

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Enzyme Optimal Temperature

Each enzyme has a temperature range where it achieves peak activity.

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Catechol

A substrate in fruits/vegetables that oxidizes to form quinone.

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Catecholase

An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of catechol to quinone.

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Quinone

The brown product formed by the oxidation of catechol, which has antimicrobial properties.

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Enzyme Activity

The rate at which an enzyme catalyzes a reaction.

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Catalase Reaction

Catalase breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.

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Amylase Function

Amylase breaks down starch into simpler sugars.

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Spectrophotometer

An instrument that measures how much light is absorbed by a sample.

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Quinone Formation

The reaction of catechol and catecholase produces quinone.

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