Podcast
Questions and Answers
The HeLa cell line was isolated from a _____
The HeLa cell line was isolated from a _____
human
Which organisms replicate cells by mitosis?
Which organisms replicate cells by mitosis?
eukaryotes (plants, animals, fungi)
Chromosomes are unduplicated during which phase of cell cycle?
Chromosomes are unduplicated during which phase of cell cycle?
After meiosis, resulting daughter cells will contain _____
After meiosis, resulting daughter cells will contain _____
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Which list correctly describes the sequence of events that occurs during cell division, beginning at interphase?
Which list correctly describes the sequence of events that occurs during cell division, beginning at interphase?
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_____ is the stage of the cell cycle during which a cell is performing its normal metabolic processes.
_____ is the stage of the cell cycle during which a cell is performing its normal metabolic processes.
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When viewing a cell culture under a microscope, most cells would be in which phase of cell cycle?
When viewing a cell culture under a microscope, most cells would be in which phase of cell cycle?
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Meiosis is the basis for _____
Meiosis is the basis for _____
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Meiosis produces _____
Meiosis produces _____
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In mitosis, _____
In mitosis, _____
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Which event occurs during interphase?
Which event occurs during interphase?
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Which phases comprise interphase?
Which phases comprise interphase?
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During S phase, _____
During S phase, _____
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A parent cell with 12 chromosomes will produce daughter cells with _____ chromosomes by mitosis.
A parent cell with 12 chromosomes will produce daughter cells with _____ chromosomes by mitosis.
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Cells with two copies of each chromosome are _____.
Cells with two copies of each chromosome are _____.
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The spindle apparatus is made of
The spindle apparatus is made of
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The spindle apparatus appears during _____
The spindle apparatus appears during _____
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Which of the following occurs in prophase?
Which of the following occurs in prophase?
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Chromosomes are aligned at the middle of the cell during _____
Chromosomes are aligned at the middle of the cell during _____
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Sister chromatids detach from one another and become visibly separate chromosomes during _____
Sister chromatids detach from one another and become visibly separate chromosomes during _____
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In which phase of mitosis do chromosomes arrive at opposite sides of the cell?
In which phase of mitosis do chromosomes arrive at opposite sides of the cell?
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Nuclear envelopes reform during _____
Nuclear envelopes reform during _____
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Which of the following is the proper sequence for mitosis?
Which of the following is the proper sequence for mitosis?
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The cell in the micrograph below is at which stage of the cell cycle?
The cell in the micrograph below is at which stage of the cell cycle?
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In what phase of the cell cycle does a typical cell spend most of its life?
In what phase of the cell cycle does a typical cell spend most of its life?
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In what phase of the cell cycle does an actively dividing cell produce the proteins necessary for mitosis?
In what phase of the cell cycle does an actively dividing cell produce the proteins necessary for mitosis?
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The phase of the cell cycle during which cytoplasmic division occurs is _____
The phase of the cell cycle during which cytoplasmic division occurs is _____
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*Division of the cytoplasm in animal cells begins _____
*Division of the cytoplasm in animal cells begins _____
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Which energy source fuels cell division in animal cells?
Which energy source fuels cell division in animal cells?
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Accumulations of cells that divide uncontrollably are called _____
Accumulations of cells that divide uncontrollably are called _____
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Abnormal cell division that does not pose a threat to surrounding tissues is termed _____
Abnormal cell division that does not pose a threat to surrounding tissues is termed _____
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The spread of cancer cells from one site to others in the body is known as _____
The spread of cancer cells from one site to others in the body is known as _____
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Asexual reproduction _____
Asexual reproduction _____
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Sexual reproduction _____
Sexual reproduction _____
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A cell cycle checkpoint for S phase would likely inhibit progression through the cell cycle if _____
A cell cycle checkpoint for S phase would likely inhibit progression through the cell cycle if _____
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Meiosis in a diploid organism typically produces _____
Meiosis in a diploid organism typically produces _____
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A chicken somatic cell carries 78 chromosomes. A chicken sperm cell will contain how many chromosomes?
A chicken somatic cell carries 78 chromosomes. A chicken sperm cell will contain how many chromosomes?
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During which phase of meiosis will a pair of chromosomes appear as a unit of four chromatids?
During which phase of meiosis will a pair of chromosomes appear as a unit of four chromatids?
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The pairing of chromosomes and crossing over occur during _____ of meiosis.
The pairing of chromosomes and crossing over occur during _____ of meiosis.
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Paired homologous chromosomes are found at the center of the cell during _____ of meiosis.
Paired homologous chromosomes are found at the center of the cell during _____ of meiosis.
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Crossing over is one of the most important events in meiosis because it _____
Crossing over is one of the most important events in meiosis because it _____
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The fusion of egg and sperm cells results in a(n) _____
The fusion of egg and sperm cells results in a(n) _____
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*Sister chromatids separate during _____ of mitosis and _____ of meiosis.
*Sister chromatids separate during _____ of mitosis and _____ of meiosis.
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Which statement describes the function of telomeres?
Which statement describes the function of telomeres?
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Mutations in genes that control _____ are likely to cause cancer.
Mutations in genes that control _____ are likely to cause cancer.
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**In meiosis, _____ are separated during anaphase I, and _____ are separated during anaphase II.
**In meiosis, _____ are separated during anaphase I, and _____ are separated during anaphase II.
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Meiosis II is similar to mitosis because
Meiosis II is similar to mitosis because
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Study Notes
Cell Division Overview
- HeLa cell line originated from human cervical cancer cells.
- Eukaryotes, including plants, animals, and fungi, replicate cells through mitosis.
- Chromosomes remain unduplicated during the G1 phase of the cell cycle.
- Daughter cells after meiosis have half the chromosome number of the parent cell.
Cell Cycle Events
- Sequence during cell division: DNA replication → nuclear division → cytoplasmic division.
- Interphase is when a cell performs normal metabolic activities.
- Most cells in a culture are usually in the interphase stage.
- Interphase phases include S phase, G1 phase, and G2 phase.
DNA and Chromosome Dynamics
- During S phase, DNA is replicated, resulting in two sister chromatids for each chromosome.
- A parent cell with 12 chromosomes produces daughter cells with 12 chromosomes through mitosis.
- Diploid cells have two copies of each chromosome.
- The spindle apparatus, composed of microtubules, emerges during prophase.
Mitosis Phases
- Mitosis phases occur in the following order: prophase → metaphase → anaphase → telophase.
- Chromosomes align at the cell's center during metaphase.
- Sister chromatids detach during anaphase and become separate chromosomes.
- In telophase, nuclear envelopes reform, and chromosomes de-condense.
Meiosis and Reproduction
- Meiosis is critical for sexual reproduction, producing four haploid gametes (sperm and egg cells).
- A chicken somatic cell contains 78 chromosomes; its sperm cells contain 39 chromosomes.
- Prophase I of meiosis features paired homologous chromosomes and crossing over.
- Crossing over is vital for generating genetic diversity by producing new allele combinations.
Cancer and Cell Division
- Neoplasms are abnormal cell accumulations that divide uncontrollably.
- Benign tumors do not threaten surrounding tissues, while metastasis refers to cancer spread throughout the body.
- Mutations in genes regulating cell division can lead to cancer development.
Asexual vs. Sexual Reproduction
- Asexual reproduction generates offspring genetically identical to the parent.
- Sexual reproduction utilizes haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote, creating genetically diverse offspring.
Checkpoints and Genetic Integrity
- S phase checkpoints detect DNA damage and can inhibit cell cycle progression.
- In meiosis, homologous chromosomes are separated during anaphase I, while sister chromatids separate during anaphase II.
Telomeres and Chromosome Separation
- Telomeres provide attachment points for microtubules during chromosome separation in anaphase.
- Meiosis II resembles mitosis with the separation of sister chromatids.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Prepare for your Biology Exam 3 with these flashcards focused on Chapter 8. Test your knowledge about cellular processes such as mitosis and meiosis, as well as key terminology related to cell structure. Enhance your understanding of the concepts related to chromosomes and the HeLa cell line.
