Biology Exam 3 Chapter 8 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

The HeLa cell line was isolated from a _____

human

Which organisms replicate cells by mitosis?

eukaryotes (plants, animals, fungi)

Chromosomes are unduplicated during which phase of cell cycle?

G1 (correct)

After meiosis, resulting daughter cells will contain _____

half the number of chromosomes than the parent cell carries Signup and view all the answers

Which list correctly describes the sequence of events that occurs during cell division, beginning at interphase?

DNA replication, nuclear division, cytoplasmic division Signup and view all the answers

_____ is the stage of the cell cycle during which a cell is performing its normal metabolic processes.

interphase Signup and view all the answers

When viewing a cell culture under a microscope, most cells would be in which phase of cell cycle?

interphase Signup and view all the answers

Meiosis is the basis for _____

sexual reproduction Signup and view all the answers

Meiosis produces _____

4 haploid gametes (sperm and egg cells) Signup and view all the answers

In mitosis, _____

the chromosome number stays the same Signup and view all the answers

Which event occurs during interphase?

The cell carries out metabolic processes Signup and view all the answers

Which phases comprise interphase?

S, G1, G2 Signup and view all the answers

During S phase, _____

DNA is replicated; results in two sister chromatids for each original chromosome Signup and view all the answers

A parent cell with 12 chromosomes will produce daughter cells with _____ chromosomes by mitosis.

12 Signup and view all the answers

Cells with two copies of each chromosome are _____.

diploids Signup and view all the answers

The spindle apparatus is made of

microtubules Signup and view all the answers

The spindle apparatus appears during _____

prophase Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following occurs in prophase?

the mitotic spindle begins to form Signup and view all the answers

Chromosomes are aligned at the middle of the cell during _____

metaphase Signup and view all the answers

Sister chromatids detach from one another and become visibly separate chromosomes during _____

anaphase Signup and view all the answers

In which phase of mitosis do chromosomes arrive at opposite sides of the cell?

telophase I Signup and view all the answers

Nuclear envelopes reform during _____

telophase I Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the proper sequence for mitosis?

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase Signup and view all the answers

The cell in the micrograph below is at which stage of the cell cycle?

1st: Metaphase, 2nd: Telophase, 3rd: Anaphase, 4th: Prophase Signup and view all the answers

In what phase of the cell cycle does a typical cell spend most of its life?

interphase Signup and view all the answers

In what phase of the cell cycle does an actively dividing cell produce the proteins necessary for mitosis?

G2 Signup and view all the answers

The phase of the cell cycle during which cytoplasmic division occurs is _____

cytokinesis Signup and view all the answers

*Division of the cytoplasm in animal cells begins _____

Signup and view all the answers

Which energy source fuels cell division in animal cells?

glucose Signup and view all the answers

Accumulations of cells that divide uncontrollably are called _____

neoplasms Signup and view all the answers

Abnormal cell division that does not pose a threat to surrounding tissues is termed _____

benign Signup and view all the answers

The spread of cancer cells from one site to others in the body is known as _____

metastasis Signup and view all the answers

Asexual reproduction _____

Process by which a single parent reproduces by itself; produces offspring genetically identical to the parent Signup and view all the answers

Sexual reproduction _____

requires haploid gametes; results in a diploid zygote, creates offspring that are genetically different from the parents Signup and view all the answers

A cell cycle checkpoint for S phase would likely inhibit progression through the cell cycle if _____

there is DNA damage Signup and view all the answers

Meiosis in a diploid organism typically produces _____

4 haploid cells Signup and view all the answers

A chicken somatic cell carries 78 chromosomes. A chicken sperm cell will contain how many chromosomes?

39 Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of meiosis will a pair of chromosomes appear as a unit of four chromatids?

prophase I Signup and view all the answers

The pairing of chromosomes and crossing over occur during _____ of meiosis.

prophase I Signup and view all the answers

Paired homologous chromosomes are found at the center of the cell during _____ of meiosis.

metaphase Signup and view all the answers

Crossing over is one of the most important events in meiosis because it _____

it produces new combinations of alleles on chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

The fusion of egg and sperm cells results in a(n) _____

zygote Signup and view all the answers

*Sister chromatids separate during _ of mitosis and _ of meiosis.

anaphase I; anaphase II Signup and view all the answers

Which statement describes the function of telomeres?

serve as attachment points where microtubules bind to separate chromosomes during anaphase Signup and view all the answers

Mutations in genes that control _____ are likely to cause cancer.

cell division Signup and view all the answers

**In meiosis, _ are separated during anaphase I, and _ are separated during anaphase II.

homologous chromosomes: sister chromatids Signup and view all the answers

Meiosis II is similar to mitosis because

sister chromatids separate Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Division Overview

HeLa cell line originated from human cervical cancer cells.
Eukaryotes, including plants, animals, and fungi, replicate cells through mitosis.
Chromosomes remain unduplicated during the G1 phase of the cell cycle.
Daughter cells after meiosis have half the chromosome number of the parent cell.

Cell Cycle Events

Sequence during cell division: DNA replication → nuclear division → cytoplasmic division.
Interphase is when a cell performs normal metabolic activities.
Most cells in a culture are usually in the interphase stage.
Interphase phases include S phase, G1 phase, and G2 phase.

DNA and Chromosome Dynamics

During S phase, DNA is replicated, resulting in two sister chromatids for each chromosome.
A parent cell with 12 chromosomes produces daughter cells with 12 chromosomes through mitosis.
Diploid cells have two copies of each chromosome.
The spindle apparatus, composed of microtubules, emerges during prophase.

Mitosis Phases

Mitosis phases occur in the following order: prophase → metaphase → anaphase → telophase.
Chromosomes align at the cell's center during metaphase.
Sister chromatids detach during anaphase and become separate chromosomes.
In telophase, nuclear envelopes reform, and chromosomes de-condense.

Meiosis and Reproduction

Meiosis is critical for sexual reproduction, producing four haploid gametes (sperm and egg cells).
A chicken somatic cell contains 78 chromosomes; its sperm cells contain 39 chromosomes.
Prophase I of meiosis features paired homologous chromosomes and crossing over.
Crossing over is vital for generating genetic diversity by producing new allele combinations.

Cancer and Cell Division

Neoplasms are abnormal cell accumulations that divide uncontrollably.
Benign tumors do not threaten surrounding tissues, while metastasis refers to cancer spread throughout the body.
Mutations in genes regulating cell division can lead to cancer development.

Asexual vs. Sexual Reproduction

Asexual reproduction generates offspring genetically identical to the parent.
Sexual reproduction utilizes haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote, creating genetically diverse offspring.

Checkpoints and Genetic Integrity

S phase checkpoints detect DNA damage and can inhibit cell cycle progression.
In meiosis, homologous chromosomes are separated during anaphase I, while sister chromatids separate during anaphase II.

Telomeres and Chromosome Separation

Telomeres provide attachment points for microtubules during chromosome separation in anaphase.
Meiosis II resembles mitosis with the separation of sister chromatids.

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Prepare for your Biology Exam 3 with these flashcards focused on Chapter 8. Test your knowledge about cellular processes such as mitosis and meiosis, as well as key terminology related to cell structure. Enhance your understanding of the concepts related to chromosomes and the HeLa cell line.

Biology Exam 3 Chapter 8 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

The HeLa cell line was isolated from a _____

Which organisms replicate cells by mitosis?

Chromosomes are unduplicated during which phase of cell cycle?

After meiosis, resulting daughter cells will contain _____

Which list correctly describes the sequence of events that occurs during cell division, beginning at interphase?

_____ is the stage of the cell cycle during which a cell is performing its normal metabolic processes.

When viewing a cell culture under a microscope, most cells would be in which phase of cell cycle?

Meiosis is the basis for _____

Meiosis produces _____

In mitosis, _____

Which event occurs during interphase?

Which phases comprise interphase?

During S phase, _____

A parent cell with 12 chromosomes will produce daughter cells with _____ chromosomes by mitosis.

Cells with two copies of each chromosome are _____.

The spindle apparatus is made of

The spindle apparatus appears during _____

Which of the following occurs in prophase?

Chromosomes are aligned at the middle of the cell during _____

Sister chromatids detach from one another and become visibly separate chromosomes during _____

In which phase of mitosis do chromosomes arrive at opposite sides of the cell?

Nuclear envelopes reform during _____

Which of the following is the proper sequence for mitosis?

The cell in the micrograph below is at which stage of the cell cycle?

In what phase of the cell cycle does a typical cell spend most of its life?

In what phase of the cell cycle does an actively dividing cell produce the proteins necessary for mitosis?

The phase of the cell cycle during which cytoplasmic division occurs is _____

*Division of the cytoplasm in animal cells begins _____

Which energy source fuels cell division in animal cells?

Accumulations of cells that divide uncontrollably are called _____

Abnormal cell division that does not pose a threat to surrounding tissues is termed _____

The spread of cancer cells from one site to others in the body is known as _____

Asexual reproduction _____

Sexual reproduction _____

A cell cycle checkpoint for S phase would likely inhibit progression through the cell cycle if _____

Meiosis in a diploid organism typically produces _____

A chicken somatic cell carries 78 chromosomes. A chicken sperm cell will contain how many chromosomes?

During which phase of meiosis will a pair of chromosomes appear as a unit of four chromatids?

The pairing of chromosomes and crossing over occur during _____ of meiosis.

Paired homologous chromosomes are found at the center of the cell during _____ of meiosis.

Crossing over is one of the most important events in meiosis because it _____

The fusion of egg and sperm cells results in a(n) _____

*Sister chromatids separate during _____ of mitosis and _____ of meiosis.

Which statement describes the function of telomeres?

Mutations in genes that control _____ are likely to cause cancer.

**In meiosis, _____ are separated during anaphase I, and _____ are separated during anaphase II.

Meiosis II is similar to mitosis because

Study Notes

Cell Division Overview

Cell Cycle Events

DNA and Chromosome Dynamics

Mitosis Phases

Meiosis and Reproduction

Cancer and Cell Division

Asexual vs. Sexual Reproduction

Checkpoints and Genetic Integrity

Telomeres and Chromosome Separation

Studying That Suits You

Description

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