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What is the primary difference in the structure of genetic material between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
What is the primary difference in the structure of genetic material between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic cells have linear DNA organized into chromosomes, while prokaryotic cells have circular DNA, often in a single chromosome.
List two organelles found in eukaryotic cells and their primary functions.
List two organelles found in eukaryotic cells and their primary functions.
Mitochondria (energy production) and Golgi apparatus (modification and transport of proteins).
Describe the process of cell division in prokaryotic cells.
Describe the process of cell division in prokaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic cells divide by binary fission, a simple asexual reproduction method.
Identify one similarity and one difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
Identify one similarity and one difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
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What are the general size ranges for eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
What are the general size ranges for eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
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What role do ribosomes play in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
What role do ribosomes play in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
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Explain the function of lysosomes in eukaryotic cells.
Explain the function of lysosomes in eukaryotic cells.
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What are two examples of eukaryotic cells?
What are two examples of eukaryotic cells?
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How does the presence of a cell wall differ between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
How does the presence of a cell wall differ between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
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Study Notes
Eukaryotic Cells
- Definition: Complex cells with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
- Size: Generally larger (10-100 µm).
- Genetic Material: Linear DNA organized into chromosomes.
- Nucleus: Present; houses genetic material.
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Organelles:
- Mitochondria (energy production)
- Endoplasmic reticulum (protein and lipid synthesis)
- Golgi apparatus (modification and transport of proteins)
- Lysosomes (digestion and waste removal)
- Chloroplasts (in plants; photosynthesis)
- Cell Division: Mitosis and meiosis.
- Examples: Animal cells, plant cells, fungi, and protists.
Prokaryotic Cells
- Definition: Simple cells without a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles.
- Size: Generally smaller (0.1-5 µm).
- Genetic Material: Circular DNA, often a single chromosome.
- Nucleus: Absent; genetic material is in the nucleoid region.
- Organelles: Lack membrane-bound organelles; may have ribosomes (smaller than eukaryotic ribosomes).
- Cell Division: Binary fission (asexual reproduction).
- Cell Wall: Typically present, made of peptidoglycan in bacteria.
- Examples: Bacteria and archaea.
Differences Between Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells
- Nucleus: Present in eukaryotes, absent in prokaryotes.
- Size: Eukaryotes are larger than prokaryotes.
- DNA Structure: Eukaryotic DNA is linear; prokaryotic DNA is circular.
- Cell Division Method: Eukaryotes use mitosis/meiosis; prokaryotes use binary fission.
- Organelles: Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles; prokaryotic cells do not.
Similarities Between Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells
- Basic Composition: Both types of cells have a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and ribsosomes.
- Functionality: Both can perform metabolic activities necessary for life.
- Genetic Information: Both contain DNA that encodes information for the cell's functions.
Eukaryotic Cells
- Complex cells with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
- Generally larger than prokaryotic cells, ranging from 10-100 micrometers
- Store genetic material in the form of linear DNA organized in chromosomes
- Have specialized regions within the cell called organelles, each with a unique function
- Mitochondria are responsible for producing energy through cellular respiration
- Endoplasmic reticulum manufactures proteins and lipids which are crucial to cell function
- Golgi apparatus modifies and packages newly made proteins and lipids, preparing them for transport
- Lysosomes are responsible for breaking down waste and digesting cell debris
- Chloroplasts are found in plants and are crucial for photosynthesis
- Reproduce through mitosis and meiosis
- Found in a wide range of organisms including animals, plants, fungi, and protists
Prokaryotic Cells
- Simple cells that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, with a much simpler structure
- Typically much smaller than eukaryotic cells, ranging from 0.1 to 5 micrometers
- Store genetic material in the form of circular DNA, generally a single chromosome
- Have a region called the nucleoid region where genetic material is stored and regulated
- The absence of membrane-bound organelles limits their complexity and function
- Have ribosomes (smaller than eukaryotic ribosomes) that are essential for protein synthesis
- Reproduce asexually through a process called binary fission
- Often contain a cell wall which is made of peptidoglycan, providing structural support and protection
- Found in bacteria and archaea, two domains of life
Differences Between Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells
- The existence of a nucleus: Eukaryotic cells possess a membrane-bound nucleus, while prokaryotic cells lack this organelle
- Cell size: Eukaryotes are significantly larger than prokaryotes, allowing for greater complexity and specialization
- DNA structure: Eukaryotic DNA is linear, organized into chromosomes, while prokaryotes have circular DNA
- Cell division methods: Eukaryotic cells divide through mitosis and meiosis, while prokaryotes reproduce through binary fission
- Organelles: Eukaryotic cells have a variety of specialized membrane-bound organelles, which prokaryotes lack, allowing for a greater range of functions
Similarities Between Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells
- Plasma membrane: Both types of cells have a plasma membrane that encloses the cell, controlling the movement of molecules in and out
- Cytoplasm: Both cells contain cytoplasm, the gel-like substance that fills the cell and suspends cellular components
- Ribosomes: Both have ribosomes, although they differ in size, which are responsible for protein synthesis
- Genetic information: Both types of cells contain DNA that carries the genetic information necessary for the cell to function and replicate
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Description
This quiz compares and contrasts eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Students will explore key features, sizes, genetic material, and organelles unique to each cell type. Get ready to test your understanding of cellular biology!
