Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are the subunits that make up nucleic acids called?
What are the subunits that make up nucleic acids called?
- Lipids
- Proteins
- Amino acids
- Nucleotides (correct)
RNA copies and transfers genetic information to make proteins.
RNA copies and transfers genetic information to make proteins.
True (A)
What is the primary role of DNA in a cell?
What is the primary role of DNA in a cell?
To provide instructions for making proteins
The three parts of a nucleotide are a 5 carbon __________, a phosphate, and a nitrogen __________.
The three parts of a nucleotide are a 5 carbon __________, a phosphate, and a nitrogen __________.
Match the following nucleotides with their characteristics:
Match the following nucleotides with their characteristics:
Which of the following elements is NOT needed in trace amounts for proper body functioning?
Which of the following elements is NOT needed in trace amounts for proper body functioning?
Polymers and macromolecules are different terms for the same class of compounds.
Polymers and macromolecules are different terms for the same class of compounds.
What are carbohydrates primarily used for in the body?
What are carbohydrates primarily used for in the body?
The subunits that make up carbohydrates are called __________.
The subunits that make up carbohydrates are called __________.
Match the following types of carbohydrates with their examples:
Match the following types of carbohydrates with their examples:
Which functional groups are present in amino acids?
Which functional groups are present in amino acids?
Polypeptide chains are formed by linking amino acids through glucosidic bonds.
Polypeptide chains are formed by linking amino acids through glucosidic bonds.
The ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in monosaccharides is __________.
The ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in monosaccharides is __________.
Proteins act as __________ enzymes in cells to control reactions.
Proteins act as __________ enzymes in cells to control reactions.
What are the two functional groups found in amino acids?
What are the two functional groups found in amino acids?
What substance is removed to link amino acids together in the creation of proteins?
What substance is removed to link amino acids together in the creation of proteins?
Lipids are polar molecules that dissolve in water.
Lipids are polar molecules that dissolve in water.
Fats are made of an alcohol called __________ and three __________ acid chains.
Fats are made of an alcohol called __________ and three __________ acid chains.
Match the following lipids with their functions:
Match the following lipids with their functions:
What is the term used for fatty acids that only contain single bonds between carbons?
What is the term used for fatty acids that only contain single bonds between carbons?
Which type of fatty acid contains at least one double bond?
Which type of fatty acid contains at least one double bond?
Which of the following elements makes up approximately 95% of an organism's body weight?
Which of the following elements makes up approximately 95% of an organism's body weight?
Organic compounds are primarily made of nitrogen.
Organic compounds are primarily made of nitrogen.
Name one class of macromolecule that contains nitrogen.
Name one class of macromolecule that contains nitrogen.
Carbohydrates and lipids consist of the elements C, H, and ___.
Carbohydrates and lipids consist of the elements C, H, and ___.
Match the following classes of macromolecules with their examples:
Match the following classes of macromolecules with their examples:
Which type of bond can carbon NOT form?
Which type of bond can carbon NOT form?
Lipids are made up of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus.
Lipids are made up of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus.
What are two examples of nucleic acids?
What are two examples of nucleic acids?
Flashcards
Macromolecules
Macromolecules
Large, complex molecules essential for life, built from smaller repeating subunits.
Monomers
Monomers
Smaller repeating units that join together to form macromolecules.
Dehydration Synthesis
Dehydration Synthesis
The process of joining monomers together to form polymers, releasing a water molecule.
Hydrolysis
Hydrolysis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates
Signup and view all the flashcards
Monosaccharide
Monosaccharide
Signup and view all the flashcards
Disaccharide
Disaccharide
Signup and view all the flashcards
Polysaccharide
Polysaccharide
Signup and view all the flashcards
What are the four main elements found in living organisms?
What are the four main elements found in living organisms?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What are inorganic compounds?
What are inorganic compounds?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What are organic compounds?
What are organic compounds?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What are macromolecules?
What are macromolecules?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What are carbohydrates?
What are carbohydrates?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What are lipids?
What are lipids?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What are proteins?
What are proteins?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What are nucleic acids?
What are nucleic acids?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is DNA?
What is DNA?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What does RNA do?
What does RNA do?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What are nucleotides?
What are nucleotides?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What are the parts of a nucleotide?
What are the parts of a nucleotide?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is ATP?
What is ATP?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is the role of proteins in cells?
What is the role of proteins in cells?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What are the functional groups in amino acids?
What are the functional groups in amino acids?
Signup and view all the flashcards
How are amino acids linked into proteins?
How are amino acids linked into proteins?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What are polypeptides and how do they relate to proteins?
What are polypeptides and how do they relate to proteins?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What does it mean to be nonpolar?
What does it mean to be nonpolar?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What are phospholipids and where are they found?
What are phospholipids and where are they found?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What are some functions of lipids?
What are some functions of lipids?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is the structure of a fat?
What is the structure of a fat?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
Elements in Living Things
- Most common elements in living organisms are carbon (C), hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N), and oxygen (O).
- These four elements make up about 95% of body weight.
- Other elements, like calcium (Ca), potassium (K), and sulfur (S), are needed in smaller amounts for proper bodily functions.
Organic and Inorganic Compounds
- Compounds can be classified into organic and inorganic.
- Organic compounds are primarily made of carbon.
- Carbon has four outer electrons allowing it to form four bonds (single, double, triple, or quadruple) with other atoms, including other carbon atoms.
- Organic compounds also contain hydrogen.
Macromolecules
- Macromolecules are large organic molecules made up of smaller units.
- Four main classes of macromolecules:
- Carbohydrates (CHO)
- Lipids (CHO)
- Proteins (CHON)
- Nucleic acids (CHONP)
Carbohydrates
- Primary function: Energy storage and structural support
- Made of simple sugars called monosaccharides.
- Monosaccharides have a 1:2:1 ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. (e.g., glucose, fructose, galactose).
- Monosaccharides combine to form disaccharides and polysaccharides.
- Polysaccharides are long chains (cellulose, chitin, glycogen).
Lipids
- Function: Energy storage, insulation, and structural components of cell membranes.
- Made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but with a much higher ratio of carbon and hydrogen than carbohydrates.
- Examples of lipids include fats, oils, phospholipids, and steroids.
- Fatty acids chains can be saturated (all single bonds) or unsaturated (at least one double bond).
Proteins
- Function: Build and maintain cells, act as enzymes, and transport molecules.
- Made up of amino acid subunits.
- Amino acids are linked by peptide bonds, which create polypeptide chains.
- Proteins have complex 3D structures crucial for their functions.
- Proteins can act as enzymes, which speed up chemical reactions in cells.
- Each protein has two functional amino groups (-NHâ‚‚), and a carboxyl group (-COOH).
Nucleic Acids
- Function: Store and transmit genetic information.
- Made up of nucleotide subunits.
- Examples: DNA and RNA.
- Nucleotides consist of a five-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
- ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is a high-energy molecule used in many cellular processes.
Condensation
- Condensation reactions link monomers to build polymers by removing a molecule of water. Conversely, hydrolysis breaks down polymers.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Explore the essential elements in living organisms, including carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen, and their importance to body weight. Delve into the classification of organic and inorganic compounds, as well as the four main classes of macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
