Biology: DNA Synthesis Enzymes
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Questions and Answers

What enzyme is needed for the synthesis of a DNA strand?

  • Protease
  • ACE enzyme
  • Taq DNA polymerase (correct)
  • Taq RNA polymerase
  • At what temperature does primer hybridization occur?

  • 72 degree
  • 70 degree
  • 40-60 degree (correct)
  • 96 degree
  • What genotype should be in people who have higher levels of the ACE enzyme in their blood.

  • ll
  • Il and DD
  • DD (correct)
  • There are no correct answer
  • Indicate which reagent is missing from the PCR reaction mixture listed: The PCR reaction mixture contains: PCR reaction buffer (consisting of KCl, Tris, and MgCl2), DNA Taq polymerase enzyme responsible for the synthesis of a new DNA strand from bacteria isolated from Thermus aquaticus, 25 mM MgCl2, DNA, and primer.

    <p>dNTP nucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A variant of the ACE gene allele with Alu insertion can be identified by which of the following methods?

    <p>Assessing the size of the PCR product</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ratio of genotypes according to Hardy-Weinberg's law (ACE gene alleles)?

    <p>II 25 %, ID 50 %, DD 25 %</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Indicate which reagent is missing from the PCR reaction mixture listed: The PCR reaction mixture contains: PCR reaction buffer (consisting of KCI, Tris and MgCI2), deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs -ie a mixture of dATP, dCTP, dGTP and dITP), DNA Taq polymerase (an enzyme responsible for the synthesis of a new DNA strand from bacteria isolated from (Thermus aquaticus), 25 mM MgCI2 and DNA tested.

    <p>Primsers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List the stages of PCR reaction.

    <p>denaturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Specify the size of the Alu sequence

    <p>Alu sequence size is 287 bp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During DNA denaturation

    <p>Hydrogen bonds are terminated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    evaluate the pcr reaction resulat according to the figure provided and identify the genotype

    <p>genotype DD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    at what concentrntrantion in the gel are ampliged DNA fragment

    <p>2%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not required in order to carry out PCR reaction? Select one

    <p>heat stable RNA polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does for electrophoresis take to detect the 1 and D aileles of the ACE gene?

    <p>30 min</p> Signup and view all the answers

    what is the size of the fragment amplified by ACE gene allele with a deletion

    <p>190 bp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    DNA fragments that are S 00 bp, 000 S and 000 bp length are separated by gell electrophoresis Which fragment will migrate farthest in the get?

    <p>500 bp fragment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reagent do not need to be added into PCR reaction? Select one:

    <p>RNA polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    hat componemts s hould be added to a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)? Select one:

    <p>DNA polymerase, dNTPs, Mg ions, DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    at what temperature does the binding annealing of primers occour

    <p>96 degree</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An variant ofthe ACE gene allele with Alu insertion was identified:

    <p>Sangers sequencing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    PCR Reaction

    • Taq polymerase is the enzyme needed for the synthesis of a DNA strand.
    • Primer hybridization occurs at approximately 50-65°C.
    • Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) are missing from the PCR reaction mixture.
    • Stages of PCR reaction:
      • Denaturation: DNA is heated to separate the strands.
      • Annealing: Primers bind to complementary sequences on the DNA strands.
      • Extension: Taq polymerase extends the primers, synthesizing new DNA strands.
    • Alu sequence is about 300 base pairs long.
    • Electrophoresis takes approximately 30-60 minutes to detect the I and D alleles of the ACE gene.
    • DNA fragment size:
      • Smaller fragments migrate farther in the gel.
    • Components of PCR reaction:
      • DNA template: The DNA to be amplified.
      • Primers: Short sequences of DNA that bind to the template DNA.
      • Taq polymerase: An enzyme that synthesizes new DNA strands.
      • dNTPs: Building blocks for the new DNA strands.
      • PCR buffer: Provides optimal conditions for the reaction.
      • Magnesium chloride (MgCl2): A cofactor for Taq polymerase.
    • Primer annealing typically occurs at 50-65°C.
    • Electrophoresis is the separation of DNA fragments based on size.
    • Alu insertion is a variation in the ACE gene that can be identified by PCR.

    ACE Gene

    • People with higher levels of the ACE enzyme in their blood are likely to have the DD genotype.
    • Hardy-Weinberg's law predicts the following ratio of genotypes for the ACE gene:
      • DD: 0.64
      • ID: 0.32
      • II: 0.04
    • PCR reaction is used to identify the ACE gene with Alu insertion.

    Other Information

    • Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments based on size, with smaller fragments migrating farther.
    • DNA fragment amplified by ACE gene allele with a deletion is approximately 190 base pairs long.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the enzymes involved in DNA synthesis. This quiz will challenge your understanding of how DNA strands are formed and the role of specific enzymes in this critical biological process.

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