Questions and Answers
What catalyzes DNA synthesis?
DNA polymerase
Which of the following statements about DNA synthesis is true?
Primers are short sequences that allow the initiation of DNA synthesis
Which part of dNTP provides energy for DNA synthesis?
Phosphate groups
Which of the following enzymes creates a primer for DNA polymerase?
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Which of the following statements about Okazaki fragments in E. coli is true?
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Which of the following enzymes is important for relieving the tension in a helix as it unwinds during DNA synthesis?
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Single DNA molecules are said to be antiparallel when they are lined up next to each other but oriented in opposite directions.
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Match the following descriptions with the leading strand:
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Match the following descriptions with the lagging strand:
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Both strands of DNA go from which direction?
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Short segments of newly synthesized DNA are joined into a continuous strand by _____
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After DNA replication is completed, _____
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Helicase creates _____
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The new DNA strand that grows continuously in the 5' to 3' direction is the _____
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_____ are short sections of DNA that are synthesized on the lagging strand of the replicating DNA
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During DNA replication, an open section of DNA, in which a DNA polymerase can replicate DNA, is called _____
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After replication is complete, the new DNAs, called _____, are identical to each other
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The enzyme that can replicate DNA is called _____
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Study Notes
DNA Synthesis Overview
- DNA polymerase catalyzes the synthesis of DNA, enabling the replication process.
- Primers are short sequences essential for initiating DNA synthesis.
Components and Energy
- Phosphate groups in deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) provide the energy necessary for DNA synthesis.
Key Enzymes in DNA Replication
- Primase synthesizes RNA primers required for DNA polymerase to extend the DNA strand.
- Topoisomerase relieves tension in the DNA helix as it unwinds during replication.
DNA Structure and Orientation
- DNA strands are antiparallel, meaning they are oriented in opposite directions when aligned next to each other.
- Both strands of DNA extend in the 5' to 3' direction, which is critical for replication.
Leading and Lagging Strands
- The leading strand requires only one primer, is synthesized continuously, and elongates toward the replication fork.
- The lagging strand is synthesized in segments (Okazaki fragments), requires multiple primers, and elongates away from the replication fork.
DNA Replication Mechanics
- Ligase joins short segments of newly synthesized DNA into a continuous strand.
- After replication, each new DNA helix consists of one new strand and one original strand (semi-conservative replication).
- Helicase creates replication forks and replication bubbles, facilitating the unwinding of the DNA double helix.
Specific Characteristics
- Okazaki fragments are short sections of DNA produced on the lagging strand during replication.
- A replication fork is defined as an open section of DNA where DNA polymerase can perform replication.
- The resultant DNA strands following replication are referred to as daughter DNA, and they are identical to each other.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the key concepts of DNA synthesis with these flashcards from Chapter 6. Review critical terms such as DNA polymerase and the role of primers in the synthesis process. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of molecular biology.
