DNA Replication and Gene Expression Quiz

Helicase = Unwinds the double-stranded DNA DNA polymerase = Adds new nucleotides to the growing DNA strand Ligase = Joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand Primase = Synthesizes RNA primers to initiate DNA replication

Transcription = Process of creating an RNA copy of a DNA sequence Translation = Process of synthesizing a protein from an RNA sequence RNA polymerase = Enzyme responsible for creating an RNA strand from a DNA template Ribosome = Cellular machinery where translation occurs

Methylation = Attachment of a methyl group to DNA, often associated with gene silencing Histone modification = Chemical alterations to histone proteins that can influence gene expression Environmental factors = External influences that can impact gene expression without altering the DNA sequence Epigenetic inheritance = Transmission of epigenetic changes from one generation to the next

<p>UGA = Stop codon AUG = Start codon and codes for methionine CAG = Codes for glutamine UAC = Codes for tyrosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Helicase = Enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix DNA polymerase = Enzyme that synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides Ligase = Enzyme that joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand Primase = Enzyme that synthesizes RNA primers for DNA replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transcription = Process of creating an RNA copy of a DNA sequence Translation = Process of synthesizing a protein from an mRNA template Promoter = Region of DNA where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription Codon = Three-nucleotide sequence on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Methylation = Epigenetic modification involving the addition of a methyl group to DNA Histone acetylation = Epigenetic modification involving the addition of an acetyl group to histone proteins Imprinting = Epigenetic phenomenon where gene expression is determined by parental origin Chromatin remodeling = Process of altering the structure of chromatin to allow or prevent access to specific regions of DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ribosome = Cellular organelle where translation occurs tRNA = RNA molecule that carries specific amino acids to the ribosome based on codon recognition Initiation codon = Start codon (AUG) that signals the beginning of translation Peptide bond formation = Chemical reaction that joins amino acids together during protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers