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Questions and Answers
What is the function of DNA-A protein in DNA replication?
What is the function of DNA-A protein in DNA replication?
- To protect single strands of DNA from degradation
- To stabilize the replication bubble
- To separate DNA strands at the points of origin (correct)
- To unwind the DNA spiral downstream
Which of the following best describes the replication bubble in DNA replication?
Which of the following best describes the replication bubble in DNA replication?
- The area where Helicase begins unzipping DNA strands
- The point where endonucleases act on single strands
- The temporary structure formed when DNA strands are separated (correct)
- The region at the end of DNA replication
What role do single-strand binding proteins (SSB proteins) play during DNA replication?
What role do single-strand binding proteins (SSB proteins) play during DNA replication?
- They join the newly synthesized DNA strands
- They prevent DNA strands from reannealing and protect them from degradation (correct)
- They facilitate the unwinding of the DNA double helix
- They initiate the synthesis of RNA primers
What is the significance of Helicase in the DNA replication process?
What is the significance of Helicase in the DNA replication process?
What challenge does Helicase face while breaking hydrogen bonds during DNA unwinding?
What challenge does Helicase face while breaking hydrogen bonds during DNA unwinding?
Flashcards
DNA Replication
DNA Replication
The process by which a DNA molecule makes an identical copy of itself.
Points of Origin
Points of Origin
Specific regions on the DNA molecule where replication begins.
Helicase
Helicase
An enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix, separating the two strands.
Single-Strand Binding Proteins (SSB Proteins)
Single-Strand Binding Proteins (SSB Proteins)
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Replication Forks
Replication Forks
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Study Notes
Replication
- Replication begins by separating DNA strands at various locations, specifically searching for A and T bases. These locations are called "origins," or "consensus areas". Bacterial DNA has one origin point.
- The enzyme DNA-A separates the initial DNA strands; this creates a replication "bubble".
- Single-strand binding proteins (SSBs) bind to the separated strands, preventing them from reannealing. These SSBs also protect the exposed strands from degradation by enzymes called nucleases.
- To further unwind the DNA helix, special enzymes called helicases act by moving along the DNA and separating the strands. The separation of the strands causes supercoiling.
- Helicase requires a significant amount of energy to break multiple hydrogen bonds.
- Supercoiling is the tightening of the DNA helix ahead of helicases; this will be resolved further downstream.
- A second enzyme called topoisomerase resolves these supercoils by cutting and rejoining the DNA, relieving the tension in the helix.
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