Biology: Diffusion and Osmosis

Diffusion occurs when there is an equal concentration on both sides.

What is the movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration called?

What is the term for the measure of the tendency of water to move from one place to another?

In a concentrated solution, an animal cell will undergo ______________.

Which of the following is an example of facilitated diffusion?

Match the following types of diffusion with their descriptions:

Osmosis can occur with any solvent.

What is the name of the process by which a plant cell becomes turgid in a dilute solution?

What happens to an animal cell placed in a solution with higher water potential than its cytoplasm?

When a plant cell is placed in a concentrated sugar solution, it becomes turgid.

What happens to a cell when it is placed in a solution with lower water potential than its cytoplasm?

When a cell is placed in a solution with higher water potential than its cytoplasm, it may eventually undergo ___________ (in animal cells).

Match the following cellular responses with their corresponding solutions:

Diffusion

Movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration
Factors affecting diffusion:
- Concentration gradient
- Temperature
- Surface area
- Distance
Types of diffusion:
- Simple diffusion: Movement through a partially permeable membrane without assistance
- Facilitated diffusion: Movement via protein channels or carriers in the membrane
Examples in living organisms:
- Gas exchange in the lungs and tissues
- Nutrient absorption in the intestines

Osmosis

Movement of water molecules from a region of higher water potential to a region of lower water potential through a partially permeable membrane
Water potential: Measure of the tendency of water to move from one place to another
Key concepts:
- Higher water potential (dilute solution) vs. lower water potential (concentrated solution)
- Effects on cells:
  - Animal cells:
    - In a dilute solution: Cell swells and may burst (lysis)
    - In a concentrated solution: Cell shrinks (crenation)
  - Plant cells:
    - In a dilute solution: Cell becomes turgid
    - In a concentrated solution: Cell undergoes plasmolysis

Transport Across Cell Membrane

Methods of transport:
- Passive transport: Diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis
- Active transport: Requires energy (ATP) to move substances against their concentration gradient

Understand the movement of particles from high to low concentration, factors affecting diffusion, types of diffusion, and examples in living organisms.