Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which stage of the cell cycle involves the duplication of DNA?
Which stage of the cell cycle involves the duplication of DNA?
Mitosis results in daughter cells that are genetically different from the parent cell.
Mitosis results in daughter cells that are genetically different from the parent cell.
False
What are the two main components that make up a chromatid?
What are the two main components that make up a chromatid?
Sister chromatids and a centromere
During the ____ phase of the cell cycle, the cell prepares for mitosis.
During the ____ phase of the cell cycle, the cell prepares for mitosis.
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Match the cell cycle phases with their descriptions:
Match the cell cycle phases with their descriptions:
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Which of the following is NOT a stage of mitosis?
Which of the following is NOT a stage of mitosis?
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Cytokinesis differs between animal and plant cells based on the method of cytoplasm division.
Cytokinesis differs between animal and plant cells based on the method of cytoplasm division.
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DNA stands for DeoxyriboNucleic ____.
DNA stands for DeoxyriboNucleic ____.
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What is the term used when two equally dominant alleles create a new phenotype that is a blend of the original phenotypes?
What is the term used when two equally dominant alleles create a new phenotype that is a blend of the original phenotypes?
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The O blood type is more dominant than both A and B blood types.
The O blood type is more dominant than both A and B blood types.
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What is a pedigree used for?
What is a pedigree used for?
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The term for a structural change that helps a creature survive is called ______.
The term for a structural change that helps a creature survive is called ______.
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Match the following traits with their inheritance patterns:
Match the following traits with their inheritance patterns:
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Which of the following statements regarding sex-linked inheritance is true?
Which of the following statements regarding sex-linked inheritance is true?
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Adaptation can occur due to environmental factors threatening a population.
Adaptation can occur due to environmental factors threatening a population.
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What does the term 'mimicry' refer to in the context of structural adaptation?
What does the term 'mimicry' refer to in the context of structural adaptation?
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Which process is unique to Archaea and produces methane as a byproduct?
Which process is unique to Archaea and produces methane as a byproduct?
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Cocci are rod-shaped bacteria.
Cocci are rod-shaped bacteria.
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What are the three main shapes of prokaryotes?
What are the three main shapes of prokaryotes?
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Bacteria typically live in __________ conditions and are classified as mesophiles.
Bacteria typically live in __________ conditions and are classified as mesophiles.
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Match the type of extremophile with its characteristic habitat:
Match the type of extremophile with its characteristic habitat:
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What is the primary method of replication used by both bacteria and archaea?
What is the primary method of replication used by both bacteria and archaea?
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Bacteria can survive in extreme conditions indefinitely by forming endospores.
Bacteria can survive in extreme conditions indefinitely by forming endospores.
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Describe what conjugation is in bacteria.
Describe what conjugation is in bacteria.
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What structure surrounds the genetic material in a virus?
What structure surrounds the genetic material in a virus?
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Viruses are considered alive because they can reproduce independently.
Viruses are considered alive because they can reproduce independently.
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What type of cell division do eukaryotic cells undergo?
What type of cell division do eukaryotic cells undergo?
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The lytic cycle results in the death of the ___ cell.
The lytic cycle results in the death of the ___ cell.
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Match the following characteristics with prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells:
Match the following characteristics with prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells:
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Which of the following statements accurately describes a provirus?
Which of the following statements accurately describes a provirus?
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All viruses can replicate through both the lytic and lysogenic cycles.
All viruses can replicate through both the lytic and lysogenic cycles.
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What is a defining feature of prokaryotic cells in terms of their genetic material?
What is a defining feature of prokaryotic cells in terms of their genetic material?
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What is the primary cause of genetic drift?
What is the primary cause of genetic drift?
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The Bottleneck Effect increases genetic diversity within a population.
The Bottleneck Effect increases genetic diversity within a population.
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Define speciation.
Define speciation.
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______ selection occurs when a selective pressure favors a common phenotype.
______ selection occurs when a selective pressure favors a common phenotype.
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Match the types of natural selection with their descriptions:
Match the types of natural selection with their descriptions:
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Which of the following is an example of a prezygotic isolating mechanism?
Which of the following is an example of a prezygotic isolating mechanism?
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Sexual dimorphism refers to the differences in phenotype between sexes of the same species.
Sexual dimorphism refers to the differences in phenotype between sexes of the same species.
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What is an example of a behavioral isolating mechanism?
What is an example of a behavioral isolating mechanism?
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Which type of body symmetry can be divided along multiple central axes?
Which type of body symmetry can be divided along multiple central axes?
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All invertebrates have a coelom.
All invertebrates have a coelom.
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What is the primary advantage of segmentation in animals?
What is the primary advantage of segmentation in animals?
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Mammals that lay eggs are known as __________.
Mammals that lay eggs are known as __________.
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Match the following groups of vertebrates with their characteristics:
Match the following groups of vertebrates with their characteristics:
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Which group of mammals develops mostly outside of their mother?
Which group of mammals develops mostly outside of their mother?
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All arthropods have a shell.
All arthropods have a shell.
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Name one example of an echinoderm.
Name one example of an echinoderm.
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Study Notes
Definitions
- Biodiversity: Wide range of living organisms vital to ecosystem sustainability
- Taxonomy: Branch of biology naming and classifying organisms
- Adaptation: Structural, physiological, or behavioral change for survival and reproduction
- Variation: Small change from a mutation that can lead to adaptation
- Natural Selection: Process where better-suited organisms thrive and reproduce more
- Artificial Selection: Selection by humans, impacting which traits are passed
- Fossil Record: Documentation of organism evolution via fossils
- Embryology: Study of embryos to find similarities and common ancestors
- Comparative Anatomy: Comparing structure to identify similarities and common ancestors
- Homologous: Similar structures, shared ancestry
- Analogous: Similar function, different ancestry
- Vestigial: Structure with a past function, but now obsolete
- Molecular Biology: Study of macromolecules, essential for life
- Gene Flow: The movement of genes between populations through interbreeding
- Non-Random Mating: Preference in mate selection leading to more homozygotes in population
- Speciation: Environmental factors leading to reproductively isolated populations
- Macroevolution: Significant change in evolution
- Gradualism: 2 similar species diverge slowly and gradually
- Punctual Equilibrium: Periods of no change followed by periods of rapid divergence
- Primordial Soup Theory: Earliest form of life created by natural processes
- Uniformitarianism: Geological processes occur uniformly over time
- Catastrophism: Changes in species happen due to disaster/catastrophic events
- Sexual Dimorphism: Differences between males and females of a species
- Genetic drift: Random allele frequency changes due to population changes
- Microevolution: Changes in allele frequency within a population
Cell Cycle
- Cell: Basic structural unit of life
- Cell cycle: Interphase(G1, Synthesis, G2), Mitosis(Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase), Cytokinesis
- Interphase: Cell growth, DNA/organelle duplication. Three stages: G1: Growth , Synthesis: DNA Replication, and G2: More growth
- Mitosis: produces 2 genetically identical daughter cells
- Prophase: Chromatin condenses, nuclear membrane breaks down, spindle fibers form,
- Metaphase: Chromosomes line up at the cell's equator held by spindle fibers
- Anaphase: Sister chromatids separate, pulled to opposite poles
- Telophase:, Chromosomes decondense, nuclear envelopes reform.
- Cytokinesis: Cytoplasm divides into two separate cells.
Meiosis
- Sexual Reproduction: involves 2 parents, results in varied offspring(genetic combinations)
- Gamete: A cell containing half the genetic material(haploid) needed for reproduction.
- Zygote: Fusion of a male and female gamete(diploid)
- Homologous chromosomes: Pair of chromosomes with similar genes(not necessarily the same alleles)
- Gene: Segment of a chromosome that stores genetic information
- Allele: Different forms of a gene.
Genetics and Inheritance
- True-breeding plant: Plant consistently passes on traits to generations
- Monohybrid cross: Examines the inheritance of a single trait across generations
- Law of segregation: One gamete carries one allele of each trait.
- Dominant allele: A trait that is expressed over a recessive one.
- Recessive allele: A trait that is only expressed when there are two copies.
- Heterozygous: Two different alleles for a gene
- Homozygous: Two of the same alleles for a gene.
- Genotype: Alleles present for a trait
Eukaryotic Evolution and Diversity
- Endosymbiosis: Process where one cell engulfs another to create a new cell type.
- Prokayotic: Simple cells without membrane-bound organelles
- Eukaryotic: More complex cells with membrane-bound organelles (mitochondria, chloroplasts)
- Multicellular organisms: Complex organisms with many cells, often with specialized functions.
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Description
Test your understanding of essential biology concepts including biodiversity, taxonomy, adaptation, and natural selection. This quiz will challenge your knowledge of how living organisms are classified, adapted, and evolve over time.
