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Questions and Answers
What is the phenomenon where certain alleles increase their transmission to the next generation and lead to a non-Mendelian inheritance pattern?
What is the phenomenon where certain alleles increase their transmission to the next generation and lead to a non-Mendelian inheritance pattern?
Which term describes the evolutionary process where populations evolve into distinct species, typically involving reproductive isolation?
Which term describes the evolutionary process where populations evolve into distinct species, typically involving reproductive isolation?
What type of isolation arises when species have differences in their mating rituals or preferences?
What type of isolation arises when species have differences in their mating rituals or preferences?
What describes a scenario where speciation occurs without complete isolation and involves some gene flow?
What describes a scenario where speciation occurs without complete isolation and involves some gene flow?
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Which mechanism of allopatric speciation involves a population being split into separate groups due to a physical barrier?
Which mechanism of allopatric speciation involves a population being split into separate groups due to a physical barrier?
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What is the primary characteristic of allopatric speciation?
What is the primary characteristic of allopatric speciation?
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Which concept best describes a species based on the ability to interbreed and produce fertile offspring?
Which concept best describes a species based on the ability to interbreed and produce fertile offspring?
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What happens during the dispersal of individuals in an ecological context?
What happens during the dispersal of individuals in an ecological context?
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What is Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibility associated with?
What is Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibility associated with?
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In which scenario would ecological isolation likely occur?
In which scenario would ecological isolation likely occur?
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What is the founder effect and its relationship to genetic diversity?
What is the founder effect and its relationship to genetic diversity?
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What does Haldane's Rule state regarding hybrid offspring?
What does Haldane's Rule state regarding hybrid offspring?
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What defines a hybrid zone in biological terms?
What defines a hybrid zone in biological terms?
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What is introgression in the context of hybridization?
What is introgression in the context of hybridization?
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Which mechanism occurs after fertilization and prevents the development of hybrid offspring?
Which mechanism occurs after fertilization and prevents the development of hybrid offspring?
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What defines parapatric speciation?
What defines parapatric speciation?
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What is reinforcement in the context of speciation?
What is reinforcement in the context of speciation?
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Which term describes a reproductive barrier that occurs before mating happens?
Which term describes a reproductive barrier that occurs before mating happens?
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What is the primary focus of the Phylogenetic Species Concept (PSC)?
What is the primary focus of the Phylogenetic Species Concept (PSC)?
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What happens during secondary contact between previously isolated populations?
What happens during secondary contact between previously isolated populations?
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What is the role of an isolating mechanism in speciation?
What is the role of an isolating mechanism in speciation?
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Study Notes
Speciation Definitions
- Allopatric: Populations or species geographically separated, preventing gene flow.
- Allopatric Speciation: Speciation caused by geographical barriers, leading to reproductive isolation.
- Biological Species Concept (BSC): Species are groups of populations whose members can interbreed and produce fertile offspring, with reproductive isolation as a key factor.
- Dispersal: Individuals or populations move away from their origin, leading to colonization of new habitats and potentially speciation.
- Dobzhansky-Muller Incompatibility (DMI): When diverged populations accumulate different mutations, leading to reduced hybrid fitness.
- Ecological Isolation: Species exploit different resources or occupy different habitats in the same area, limiting interactions and reproduction.
- Ecological Speciation: Speciation stemming from divergent selection based on different ecological niches.
- Epistasis: One gene's effect modified by others, potentially influencing speciation.
- Founder Effect: Reduced genetic diversity in a new population founded by a small group, potentially leading to rapid speciation.
Other Speciation Concepts
- Genetic Conflict: Conflicting genetic interests influencing evolutionary changes and speciation.
- Haldane's Rule: If hybrid offspring exhibit absence, rarity, or sterility in one sex, that sex is usually the heterogametic one (e.g., males in XY systems).
- Hybrid Zone: Area where two or more populations meet and interbreed, leading to genetic mixing.
- Introgression (Introgressive Hybridization): Transfer of genetic material between species through hybridization and backcrossing.
- Inversion: Chromosomal mutation where a segment of DNA reverses, potentially affecting reproductive isolation.
- Isolating Mechanism: Barriers preventing gene flow between species, promoting speciation.
- Parapatric: Populations geographically adjacent but experience limited interbreeding due to environmental differences.
- Parapatric Speciation: Speciation within adjacent populations, affected by environmental variation.
- Peripatric Speciation: Speciation in a small population isolated at the periphery of a large population's range.
- Phylogenetic Species Concept (PSC): Defining species based on evolutionary history, emphasizing unique genetic characteristics.
- Postzygotic Barrier: Reproductive barrier occurring after fertilization, preventing hybrid offspring development.
- Prezygotic Barrier: Reproductive barrier occurring before fertilization, preventing mating or fertilization.
- Reciprocal Translocation: Chromosomal segments exchanged between chromosomes, potentially driving isolation.
- Reinforcement: Natural selection strengthening prezygotic barriers to reproduction in hybrid offspring.
- Reproductive Isolating Barrier (RIB): Factors preventing individuals of different species from mating or producing viable offspring.
- Reproductive Isolation: Mechanisms preventing interbreeding and fertile offspring production, essential for maintaining species distinctions.
- Secondary Contact: Previously isolated populations encountering each other, leading to hybridization, reinforcement, or further divergence.
- Segregation Distortion: Alleles' increased transmission leading to non-Mendelian inheritance, potentially impacting speciation.
- Sexual Isolation: Reproductive isolation due to differences in mating rituals or preferences.
- Sister Species: Closely related species sharing a recent common ancestor and similar traits.
- Speciation: Evolutionary process leading to distinct species, often involving reproductive isolation.
- Speciation Gene (and Speciation Trait): Genes/traits influencing reproductive isolation and population divergence.
- Speciation with Gene Flow: Speciation occurring with ongoing gene flow between populations.
- Sympatric: Populations occupying the same geographic area, potentially interbreeding.
- Sympatric Speciation: Speciation within the same geographic area, often influenced by ecological or behavioral niches.
- Vicariance: Population split due to a physical barrier (e.g., mountain range, river), driving allopatric speciation.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key terms and concepts related to speciation. This quiz covers definitions like allopatric speciation, biological species concept, and ecological isolation among others. Ideal for students studying evolutionary biology.
