Biology Concepts Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What are the primary products of photosynthesis?

  • Carbon dioxide and ATP
  • Water and NADPH
  • ATP and NADH
  • Oxygen and glucose (correct)

What distinguishes aerobic respiration from anaerobic respiration?

  • Anaerobic respiration requires light energy.
  • Anaerobic respiration occurs in the presence of oxygen.
  • Aerobic respiration occurs only in plants.
  • Aerobic respiration produces more ATP than anaerobic respiration. (correct)

Which enzyme is primarily responsible for DNA replication?

  • RNA polymerase
  • DNA ligase
  • DNA polymerase (correct)
  • Helicase

What is the function of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in protein synthesis?

<p>Catalyze the formation of peptide bonds. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common formula for cellular respiration?

<p>$6O_2 + C_6H_{12}O_6 → 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of RNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome?

<p>mRNA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are introns in the context of gene structure?

<p>Non-coding regions that are removed during RNA processing. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mutation results in a change in a single nucleotide that may or may not alter the protein produced?

<p>Substitution mutation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of living things?

<p>Inability to adapt to environments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of enzymes in biological reactions?

<p>Decrease the activation energy required (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of transport do molecules move against their concentration gradient?

<p>Active transport (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a hypertonic solution do to a cell?

<p>Causes the cell to lose water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the cell membrane is crucial for its semi-permeability?

<p>Phospholipids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process describes the conversion of ATP to ADP?

<p>Hydrolysis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about passive and active transport is FALSE?

<p>Active transport moves substances from high to low concentration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element is a common component of all macromolecules?

<p>Carbon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Photosynthesis

The process where plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose and oxygen.

Cellular Respiration

The process where cells break down glucose using oxygen to create ATP for energy and release carbon dioxide and water.

DNA

The molecule that carries genetic information in the form of a double helix made up of nucleotides.

Dehydration Synthesis

Building large molecules from smaller subunits, releasing water as a byproduct. Think of it like adding beads to a necklace.

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DNA Replication

The process where DNA is copied to create two identical DNA molecules.

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Hydrolysis

Breaking down large molecules into smaller subunits by adding water. Think of it as taking apart a necklace.

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Protein Synthesis

The process where the genetic code from DNA is translated into proteins.

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Point mutation

A mutation that changes a single nucleotide in the DNA sequence.

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Enzyme

A protein that speeds up chemical reactions without being used up. Think of it as a matchmaker for two molecules.

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Frameshift mutation

A mutation that inserts or deletes a nucleotide in the DNA sequence, shifting the reading frame.

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Substrate

The molecule an enzyme works on. Think of it as the puzzle piece that fits perfectly into the enzyme.

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Passive Transport

The movement of molecules across a membrane from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. Think of it like a drop of ink spreading in water.

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Missense mutation

A mutation that changes the amino acid sequence of a protein.

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Active Transport

The movement of molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. Think of it like pushing a ball uphill.

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Feedback Loop

A loop where the output of a system feeds back to influence the input, either amplifying (positive) or dampening (negative) the change. Imagine a thermostat.

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