Biology Chapter on Respiration and Photosynthesis

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What is produced during anaerobic respiration?

Lactic acid or ethanol and CO2 (correct)

Water and carbon dioxide

Only ATP and NADH

Oxygen and glucose

Where does aerobic respiration primarily occur?

In the chloroplasts

In mitochondria (correct)

In the thylakoids

In the cytosol

What role does NAD+ play in cellular respiration?

It is directly involved in ATP synthesis.

It helps in the conversion of light energy.

It acts as a hydrogen carrier and is reduced to NADH. (correct)

It is a final electron acceptor.

Which statement is true regarding light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

They result in the splitting of water into protons, electrons, and oxygen. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of RUBISCO in photosynthesis?

It fixes carbon dioxide into an organic form. Signup and view all the answers

What is an important characteristic of fermentation?

It allows ATP production in anaerobic conditions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary pigment used in photosynthesis?

Chlorophyll Signup and view all the answers

Which process measures an organism's respiratory rate?

Respirometry Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the hormone once it reaches its target cell?

It binds to a receptor on the cell membrane. Signup and view all the answers

How does the body respond when there is an increase in temperature?

By activating a negative feedback loop to decrease body temperature. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of beta cells in the pancreas?

They release insulin to lower blood glucose levels. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes type II diabetes?

It is a non-insulin dependent condition. Signup and view all the answers

Which process does the body utilize to maintain homeostasis?

Negative feedback loops to correct deviations from set points. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary outcome of meiosis?

Produces four haploid cells Signup and view all the answers

Which process contributes to genetic variation during meiosis?

Crossing over during Prophase I Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes nondisjunction during meiosis?

The failure of chromosomes to separate properly Signup and view all the answers

What type of genetic disease is Cystic fibrosis classified as?

Autosomal recessive Signup and view all the answers

How do older parents affect the likelihood of genetic disorders in their offspring?

They have an increased chance of nondisjunction Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of phenotype?

The observable characteristics of an organism Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about meiosis is incorrect?

Meiosis occurs in body cells Signup and view all the answers

What role does random assortment play in meiosis?

It allows for independent combination of maternal and paternal chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the sensory division of the nervous system?

Picks up sensory stimuli and transmits them to the brain. Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nervous system is responsible for the fight-or-flight response?

Sympathetic division Signup and view all the answers

Which structure of a neuron is responsible for receiving information?

Dendrites Signup and view all the answers

What role does the myelin sheath play in a neuron?

It protects the axon and speeds up electrical impulse transmission. Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathway of a nervous impulse propagation?

From dendrites to axon terminal Signup and view all the answers

What function do relay or interconnecting neurons primarily serve?

Transmitting information rapidly within the body Signup and view all the answers

Which division of the motor system controls voluntary muscle movements?

Somatic nervous system Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the autonomic nervous system is true?

It is responsible for involuntary physiological processes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of Type I diabetes?

Caused by destruction of beta cells Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing metabolic rate?

Thyroxin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones is directly involved in appetite regulation?

Leptin Signup and view all the answers

What happens to melatonin production during the day?

It is inhibited Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the release of melatonin?

Diminishing light levels Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is commonly associated with hypothyroidism?

Feeling cold Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cholesterol in relation to steroid hormones?

It is a required component for their synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What effect does leptin have on mice that cannot release it?

Their appetite declines when injected with leptin Signup and view all the answers