Biology Classification Systems Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What was a significant limitation of earlier classification systems for organisms?

They did not distinguish between eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. (correct)

They failed to incorporate new species as they were discovered.

They often categorized organisms based on superficial traits rather than evolutionary relationships. (correct)

They lacked a focus on modes of nutrition among different groups.

Which characteristic of organisms does not distinguish them in the 5-kingdom classification system?

Cell structure

Body organization

Reproductive mechanisms

Color and size (correct)

Which of the following was a change introduced as a result of new organisms being discovered?

The elimination of the unicellular category.

The introduction of the Kingdom Protista. (correct)

The separation of bacteria from fungi.

The merging of plants and animals into one kingdom.

Which of the following is true concerning prokaryotic organisms?

They lack membrane-bound organelles. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of classification does the 5-kingdom system primarily emphasize?

Evolutionary relationships among organisms. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following kingdoms include unicellular organisms that lack a nucleus?

Monera Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic distinguishes eukaryotic organisms from prokaryotic organisms?

Eukaryotes possess a nucleus. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly classifies Chlamydomonas and Chlorella based on current understanding?

Both are classified under Protista. Signup and view all the answers

What type of behavior do heterotrophic organisms exhibit?

They consume other organisms for energy. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of bacterial classification, which shape type is NOT properly classified?

Filamentous (long chain-shaped) Signup and view all the answers

What component of bacterial cell walls is distinct in some bacteria, contributing to their unique structural properties?

Branched or ether linkages Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is most likely to promote algal blooms and increase the colonies of certain bacteria?

High nutrient levels in polluted water Signup and view all the answers

What protective structure surrounds some filamentous cyanobacteria and assists them in survival?

Gelatinous sheath Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bacteria is responsible for nitrogen fixation in specialized cells called heterocysts?

Cyanobacteria Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is caused by the bacterium Clostridium tetani?

Tetanus Signup and view all the answers

How do chrysophytes primarily reproduce?

Asexually by fission and sexually by cell fusion Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of the cell wall in diatoms?

Silica Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the habitat of chrysophytes?

Primarily in stagnant fresh water and also present in marine water Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the movement of desmids is correct?

They exhibit greater flexibility allowing movement. Signup and view all the answers

Which feature distinguishes chrysophytes from other groups like diatoms and desmids?

Presence of transverse flagella Signup and view all the answers

Which type of locomotion is characterized by the presence of flagella?

Flagellated protozoans Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of mycorrhiza in the relationship with plant roots?

Mining nutrients from the soil Signup and view all the answers

Which organism is specifically known to cause amoebic dysentery?

Entamoeba histolytica Signup and view all the answers

What happens to slime molds when environmental conditions become unfavorable?

They create fruiting bodies to produce spores. Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic differentiates ciliated protozoans from other types of protozoans?

Presence of numerous cilia for active movement. Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of dinoflagellates distinguishes them from other unicellular organisms?

They possess rigid cell walls. Signup and view all the answers

What primarily causes the red appearance of red tides associated with dinoflagellates?

The rapid reproduction of certain dinoflagellates. Signup and view all the answers

Which pigment is responsible for the yellow coloration found in some dinoflagellates?

Carotenoid Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of diatomaceous earth in relation to diatoms?

It is utilized for industrial polishing and filter media. Signup and view all the answers

What harmful substances are secreted by the dinoflagellate Gonyaulax during red tides?

Saxitoxins Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Classification Systems

All classification systems include plant and animal kingdoms.
Classifications are constantly being updated due to changes in criteria.
Future changes in classification are possible.
A 6-kingdom or 3-domain system of classification exists.

Kingdoms and Domains

Monera
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Archae (Archaebacteria)
Bacteria (Eubacteria)

Characteristics of Organisms

Prokaryotes lack a nucleus.
Eukaryotes have a nucleus.
Organisms can be autotrophic (make their own food) or heterotrophic (consume other organisms).
Plants are autotrophic and use photosynthesis.
Heterotrophic organisms include animals and fungi.
Some organisms are parasitic.
Bacteria can be classified by shape as rod-shaped (Bacillus), round (Coccus) or spiral (Spirillum).

Examples of Organisms

Amoeba and Paramecium are in the Animal Kingdom.
Chlamydomonas and Chlorella are in the Plant Kingdom.

Additional Notes

Protista are now grouped due to their unicellular eukaryotic nature.
Nitrogen fixation is an important process carried out by some bacteria.
Some organisms like bacteria have simple characteristics.

Bacterial Structure and Function

Special Cell Structure: Their cell walls have branched or ether linkages instead of ester linkages.
Colonial: BGA forms colonies that are surrounded by a gelatinous sheath made of collagen fibers, providing protection.
Filamentous: They have a gelatinous sheath.
Antibiotics: Some species of Streptomyces produce antibiotics such as streptomycin and neomycin.

Fixing Nitrogen in Legumes

Nitrogen fixation takes place in legume roots, such as peas.
Some bacteria are pathogens and cause diseases in plants and animals.

Tricks (to remember diseases)

C: Cholera (Vibrio cholerae)
T: Typhoid (Salmonella typhi)
T: Tetanus (Clostridium tetani)
C: Citrus Canker (Xanthomonas citri)

Heterotrophic Bacteria

Cyanobacteria like Anabaena and Nostoc fix nitrogen in specialized cells called heterocysts.
Heterocysts have a special thickening that prevents oxygen from entering, inhibiting the nitrogenase enzyme.

Mucilagenous Sheath

The mucilage sheath is made up of glycoproteins and pigments.

Chrysophytes

Reproduction: They reproduce asexually by fission and sexually by cell fusion.
Characteristics:
Diatoms: They have cell walls embedded with silica.
Desmids: They have cell walls made of cellulose.
Habitat: They are found in fresh water, stagnant water and marine water.

Dinoflagellates

Characteristics: They are unicellular and photosynthetic. They float passively in the ocean, have rigid cell walls, and have longitudinal and transverse flagella. They also have different pigments.
Pigments:
- Yellow: due to carotenoid
- Green: Chlorophyll
- Brown: xanthophyll
- Blue: cyanine
- Red: Erythrine
Diatoms: Their silica depositions form diatomaceous earth which is used for polishing and oil/syrup filtration.
Red Tides: A type of dinoflagellate Gonyaulax can proliferate, causing red tides. Gonyaulax secretes toxins called saxitoxins that can harm or kill marine animals.

Protozoans

Movement: They can move by pseudopodia (false feet), cilia, or flagella.
Habitat: Freshwater, marine water, moist soil.
Nutrition: They can be free-living or parasitic.
Ciliated: They have a great number of cilia and move actively.
Flagellated: They have a single flagella for movement. Examples include Trypanosoma which causes African sleeping sickness.
Sporozoans: They are usually parasitic. Examples include Plasmodium (malarial parasite), P. vivax (common type) , P. falciparum (causes malignant malaria), and P. ovale (common).
Slime Moulds: Slime molds aggregate and form a plasmodium under favorable conditions. When conditions are unfavorable, they differentiate to fruiting bodies to produce spores.

Fungi

Cosmopolitan: They are found in various environments.
Mycorrhiza: Fungi associate with roots of plants, providing nutrients and receiving nourishment.
Additional Points:
Entamoeba histolytica causes amoebic dysentery.
Protozoa have a gullet for the entry of food and water.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the classification systems of living organisms. This quiz covers the six kingdoms, characteristics of prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and examples from the plant and animal kingdoms. Discover how organisms are categorized based on their unique traits.