Biology Class: Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of ATP in cellular processes?

To store glucose

To act as an energy currency (correct)

To transport oxygen

To break down fats

The energy released during the breakdown of ATP is used for exothermic reactions in the cell.

False

What process is used to create ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate?

cellular respiration

The energy released when the terminal phosphate linkage in ATP is broken is approximately ______ kJ/mol.

30.5 Signup and view all the answers

Match the following descriptions with their corresponding terms:

ATP = Energy currency of the cell ADP = A product when ATP loses a phosphate group Aerobic respiration = Requires oxygen to generate energy Stomata = Gas exchange pores in plants Signup and view all the answers

What role do chloroplasts play in photosynthesis?

They contain chlorophyll which captures light energy. Signup and view all the answers

Desert plants take up carbon dioxide during the day.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is chlorophyll and where is it found?

Chlorophyll is a green pigment found in chloroplasts that is essential for photosynthesis. Signup and view all the answers

The process of photosynthesis primarily occurs in the __________ of the plant.

leaves Signup and view all the answers

Match the activities with their purposes in demonstrating chlorophyll's role in photosynthesis:

Keeping the plant in the dark = Ensures all starch gets used up Plucking a leaf and marking green areas = To identify photosynthesis-active regions Dipping the leaf in boiling water = Kills the leaf to stop all reactions Heating in alcohol = Removes chlorophyll to test for starch Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Photosynthesis and Chlorophyll

Desert plants utilize carbon dioxide at night to prepare an intermediate, which chlorophyll acts upon during the day.
Chloroplasts, containing chlorophyll, are identified as green organelles within leaf cross-sections.
An experiment using variegated leaves demonstrates the necessity of chlorophyll for photosynthesis.

ATP and Cellular Respiration

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the energy currency for cellular processes, synthesized during respiration.
Energy released during ATP breakdown is approximately 30.5 kJ/mol, utilized for endothermic reactions within cells.
ATP is pivotal for numerous cellular functions like muscle contraction, protein synthesis, and nervous impulse conduction.

Gas Exchange in Plants

Stomata facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in plants, ensuring all cells contact air through large intercellular spaces.

Blood and Circulatory System

Blood is a fluid connective tissue comprising plasma, which carries nutrients, gases, and waste products.
The heart functions as a muscular organ, preventing the mixing of oxygen-rich and carbon dioxide-laden blood.

Excretory System in Humans

The human excretory system comprises kidneys, ureters, a urinary bladder, and a urethra that remove metabolic wastes.
Kidneys filter blood to produce urine, which contains nitrogenous wastes like urea.
Nephrons, the basic filtration units in kidneys, selectively reabsorb substances such as glucose and water.

Urine Formation

Urine is stored in the urinary bladder until pressure induces a reflex to urinate, controlled by nervous impulses.

Kidney Function and Dialysis

Proper kidney function is critical; damage may result from infections or reduced blood flow, leading to toxic waste accumulation.
An artificial kidney (hemodialysis) serves to filter blood and eliminate nitrogenous waste in cases of kidney failure.

Description

This quiz covers key concepts in biology related to photosynthesis, chlorophyll, ATP, and the circulatory system. You will explore how plants exchange gases and the function of ATP in cellular processes. Challenge your understanding of these essential biological topics.