Chemistry of Life: Origin and Structure
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Questions and Answers

What percentage of the dry weight of the human body is accounted for by the elements C, H, O, N, P, Ca, and S?

  • 80%
  • 70%
  • 90%
  • 97% (correct)

    • What is the approximate percentage of water in the human body?

  • 60%
  • 70% (correct)
  • 50%
  • 80%

    • What was the purpose of the Miller Urey experiment?

  • To create a new form of life
  • To study the atmosphere of the early earth (correct)
  • To identify the elements present in the human body
  • To synthesize biomolecules

    • What were the reactants used in the Miller Urey experiment?

    <p>H2O, CH4, NH3, and H2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the elements B, F, Al, Si, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Mo, Cd, I, and W in living organisms?

    <p>They are present in trace amounts in some organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Miller Urey experiment?

    <p>The suggestion of precursors of early biomolecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major advantage of compartmentalization in cells?

    <p>Maintaining high local concentrations of reactants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of prokaryotes?

    <p>Having varied and adaptable metabolisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of sizes for prokaryotes?

    <p>1-10 μm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of eukaryotes?

    <p>Having a nucleus and membrane-bounded organelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are prokaryotes the most numerous and widespread organisms on earth?

    <p>Because they have varied and adaptable metabolisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

    <p>The presence of a nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why traditional taxonomic schemes are inadequate to describe the relationships between organisms?

    <p>They do not take into account the evolutionary history of organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of energy and its effects on matter?

    <p>Thermodynamics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of understanding thermodynamics in the context of biochemical systems?

    <p>To predict whether a biochemical reaction can occur spontaneously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the part of the universe that is of interest in a thermodynamic system?

    <p>System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the amount of energy in a thermodynamic system?

    <p>U</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between enthalpy and heat in most biochemical systems?

    <p>Enthalpy is equivalent to heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of spontaneous processes according to the second law of thermodynamics?

    <p>a conversion of order to disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of opening the stopcock in the entropy illustration?

    <p>The entropy increases as the gas molecules diffuse back and forth between the bulbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the free energy change for a process?

    <p>The changes in both enthalpy and entropy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a process with a negative ΔG value?

    <p>It is spontaneous and exergonic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the standard state condition defined by biochemists for temperature?

    <p>25°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the assigned value of the activity of pure water in standard state conditions?

    <p>1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the formation of a 'cage' around the nonpolar solute by water molecules?

    <p>To minimize the surface area of the cavity and maximize entropy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the aggregation of nonpolar groups in an aqueous phase?

    <p>They are squeezed out of the aqueous phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of water movement in osmosis?

    <p>From a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a semipermeable membrane in osmosis?

    <p>To permit the passage of water molecules but not solutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the driving force behind the movement of water in osmosis?

    <p>The tendency to equalize concentrations</p> Signup and view all the answers

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