Biology: Chemical Reactions and ATP

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of the Light Dependent Reactions?

To convert glucose into carbon dioxide

To synthesize glucose from carbon dioxide

To break down ATP into ADP

To capture light energy and produce NADPH and ATP (correct)

Which organelle is responsible for the Light Dependent Reactions and the Calvin Cycle?

Chloroplasts (correct)

Mitochondria

Nucleus

Endoplasmic Reticulum

During which stage is glucose primarily broken down, releasing ATP?

Light Dependent Reactions

Calvin Cycle

Krebs Cycle

Glycolysis (correct)

How many ATP molecules are generated during the Electron Transport Chain?

32 ATP Signup and view all the answers

Why do autotrophs perform both photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

To store solar energy as sugars and then break it down for energy Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of an enzyme?

To speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes activation energy?

Energy needed to initiate a reaction Signup and view all the answers

In the equation A + B 🡪 AB, which components are identified as reactants?

A and B Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes an exergonic reaction from an endergonic reaction on the graphs provided?

Exergonic reactions release energy, while endergonic absorb energy. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to an enzyme after it catalyzes a reaction?

It remains unchanged and can be reused Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions could affect enzyme function?

pH and temperature Signup and view all the answers

Why is the lock-and-key analogy used to describe enzyme-substrate interactions?

Specificity in shape makes enzymes and substrates fit together. Signup and view all the answers

How many total nitrogen atoms are present in the molecular formula for chocolate (theobromine) C7H8N4O2?

4 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the pH of tomato juice and soap?

Tomato juice is acidic and soap is basic. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason enzyme X does not function at 70ºC?

The enzyme becomes denatured and loses its shape. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to enzyme activity when pH or temperature is altered from optimal conditions?

The activity is lowered and the enzyme may denature. Signup and view all the answers

In which organelle does photosynthesis occur?

Chloroplast Signup and view all the answers

What products are formed during cellular respiration?

H2O and CO2 Signup and view all the answers

How do autotrophs obtain their energy?

Through photosynthesis using sunlight. Signup and view all the answers

In what way is ATP converted to ADP to provide energy to cells?

By breaking bonds to release energy. Signup and view all the answers

Which independent variable could significantly affect enzymatic reaction rates?

pH level of the solution Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chemical Reactions

Reactants are substances that combine to form products.
Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required.
Activation energy is the energy required for a reaction to begin.
Exergonic reactions release energy, while endergonic reactions require energy.
The rate of a chemical reaction can be affected by factors such as temperature, pH, and the concentration of reactants and products.
Enzymes have a specific active site that binds to a specific substrate.
Temperature and pH can affect enzyme activity by changing the shape of the enzyme and its active site.

ATP

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the primary energy carrier in living organisms.
Energy is released when the bond between the second and third phosphate groups is broken, forming ADP (adenosine diphosphate).

Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants and other autotrophs convert sunlight energy into chemical energy stored in sugars.
Photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts and consists of two main stages:
- Light-dependent reactions: Capture light energy, release oxygen, and produce ATP and NADPH.
- Calvin cycle (light-independent reactions): Uses ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions to convert carbon dioxide into glucose.

Cellular Respiration

Cellular respiration is the process by which organisms break down glucose to release energy in the form of ATP.
It takes place in mitochondria and consists of three main stages:
- Glycolysis: Occurs in the cytoplasm, breaks down glucose into pyruvate, and produces a small amount of ATP and NADH.
- Krebs cycle: Occurs in the mitochondrial matrix, completes the breakdown of glucose into carbon dioxide, and produces more ATP and NADH.
- Electron transport chain (ETC): Occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane, uses NADH to generate a large amount of ATP.

Comparing Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis stores energy in sugars, while cellular respiration releases energy from sugars.
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are complementary processes that are essential for life.
Autotrophs carry out both processes.

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Description

This quiz covers essential concepts in biology, focusing on chemical reactions, the role of enzymes, and the significance of ATP as an energy carrier. Additionally, it explores the factors affecting reaction rates and introduces the process of photosynthesis. Test your knowledge and strengthen your understanding of these fundamental biological processes.