Biology Chapters 1-9 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is the manipulated variable?

The variable that is deliberately changed during an experiment.

What is homeostasis?

Maintaining a steady state.

What are atoms?

Building blocks of life; smallest unit of an element that has the smallest properties of an element.

What is an element?

<p>A pure substance made of only one kind of atom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an isotope?

<p>Atom of an element that has a different number of neutrons from other atoms of the same element.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a covalent bond?

<p>Bond formed by the sharing of electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an ionic bond?

<p>Bond formed by the transferring of electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are acidic solutions?

<p>Solutions that have more H+ ions and pH values less than 7.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are basic solutions?

<p>Solutions that have fewer H+ ions (more OH-) and pH values greater than 7.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a solute?

<p>Substance that is dissolved.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a solvent?

<p>Substance that does the dissolving.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are carbohydrates?

<p>Organic compounds that are used as a main source of energy &amp; for cell structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are lipids?

<p>Organic compounds that are used for chemical energy storage &amp; regulating some cell activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are nucleic acids?

<p>Organic compounds that store and transmit genetic information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are proteins?

<p>Organic compounds that control the rate of reactions and regulate cell processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are polysaccharides?

<p>Large macromolecules from monosaccharides; many sugars; help with cell structure &amp; chemical energy storage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are monosaccharides?

<p>Simple sugars; source of chemical energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an amino acid?

<p>Compound with an amino group (-NH2) on one end and a carboxyl group (-COOH) on the other end.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are enzymes?

<p>Proteins that act as biological catalysts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a catalyst?

<p>Substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is ecology?

<p>The scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the biosphere?

<p>The combined portions of the planet in which all life exists.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a species?

<p>A group of organisms so similar to one another that they can breed and produce fertile offspring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a population?

<p>Groups of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a community?

<p>An assembly of different populations that live together in a defined area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an ecosystem?

<p>A collection of all of the organisms that live in a particular place together with their non-living environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the greenhouse effect?

<p>Retains heat in Earth's atmosphere by carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, and other gases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are biotic factors?

<p>Living organisms that affect other organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are abiotic factors?

<p>Non-living organisms that affect other organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is ecological succession?

<p>Series of predictable changes that occur in a community over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is biodiversity?

<p>The sum total of the genetically based variety of all organisms in the biosphere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are prokaryotes?

<p>Thought to be the oldest forms of life; small; surrounded by membrane; have DNA in cytoplasm of the cell; have ribosomes; most have no internal membranes; unicellular.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are eukaryotes?

<p>Larger in size; surrounded by membrane; have DNA in nucleus; have ribosomes; have internal membranes; unicellular or multicellular.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the nuclear envelope?

<p>Isolates genetic material from the activities of the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the nucleolus?

<p>Organelle that assembles ribosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are ribosomes?

<p>Organelles that are very numerous and small; where proteins are assembled.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the endoplasmic reticulum?

<p>A complex network of membranes that form flattened sheets, sacs, and tubes that tend to lie parallel to one another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Golgi apparatus?

<p>Organelle that receives, modifies, sorts, and packages proteins/lipids from E.R.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a lysosome?

<p>Organelle that removes 'junk' from the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Key Biological Terms and Concepts

  • Manipulated Variable: The deliberately changed variable in an experiment, essential for testing hypotheses.

  • Homeostasis: The process by which biological systems maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.

  • Atoms: The smallest unit of an element, serving as the fundamental building blocks of all matter.

  • Element: A substance made entirely of one type of atom, characterized by a distinct set of properties.

  • Isotope: Variants of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

  • Covalent Bond: A chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons, contributing to molecule stability.

  • Ionic Bond: A chemical bond resulting from the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, leading to charged ions.

  • Acidic Solutions: Solutions with a higher concentration of H+ ions, resulting in a pH less than 7.

  • Basic Solutions: Solutions with a lower concentration of H+ ions (more OH-), yielding a pH greater than 7.

  • Solute: The substance that is dissolved in a liquid to form a solution.

  • Solvent: The liquid that dissolves the solute, creating a solution.

Biological Macromolecules

  • Carbohydrates: Organic compounds that serve as primary energy sources and structural components for cells.
  • Lipids: Organic molecules used for energy storage and regulating cellular functions.
  • Nucleic Acids: Compounds that store and transmit genetic information (e.g., DNA and RNA).
  • Proteins: Complex compounds that regulate cellular processes and catalyze biochemical reactions.

Sugar and Amino Acids

  • Polysaccharides: Large carbohydrate molecules formed from many monosaccharides, crucial for energy storage and structural integrity.

  • Monosaccharide: Simple sugars, the fundamental building blocks of carbohydrates and a quick energy source.

  • Amino Acid: Organic compounds containing an amino group and a carboxyl group, linked together to form proteins.

  • Enzymes: Proteins that function as biological catalysts, speeding up chemical reactions without being consumed.

  • Catalyst: A substance that increases the reaction rate of a chemical process.

Ecology and Environmental Science

  • Ecology: The scientific exploration of relationships between organisms and their environment.

  • Biosphere: The global sum of all ecosystems, the zone of life on Earth.

  • Species: Groups of similar organisms capable of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring.

  • Population: Groups of individuals from the same species inhabiting a particular area.

  • Community: Assemblage of different populations coexisting in a defined area.

  • Ecosystem: The integration of all living organisms and their physical environment interacting as a system.

  • Greenhouse Effect: Atmospheric phenomenon where greenhouse gases trap heat, influencing climate patterns.

  • Biotic Factors: Living components, such as plants and animals, that impact ecosystems.

  • Abiotic Factors: Non-living chemical and physical elements, such as temperature and water, affecting organisms.

  • Ecological Succession: Gradual process of change and replacement in community structures over time.

  • Biodiversity: The variety of life forms within a given habitat, essential for ecosystem stability.

Cellular Biology

  • Prokaryotes: Simple, unicellular organisms without internal membranes, possessing DNA in their cytoplasm.

  • Eukaryotes: Larger cells with a nucleus and organelles, can be unicellular or multicellular.

  • Nuclear Envelope: Membrane that encases the nucleus, protecting genetic material.

  • Nucleolus: Organelle responsible for ribosome assembly within the nucleus.

  • Ribosomes: Sites of protein synthesis, abundant in cells.

  • Endoplasmic Reticulum: Network of membranes facilitating the synthesis and transport of cellular materials.

  • Golgi Apparatus: Organelle involved in processing, modifying, and packaging proteins and lipids.

  • Lysosome: Organelle containing enzymes for breaking down waste materials and cellular debris.

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Test your knowledge of key biological terms with these flashcards covering Chapters 1-9. Each card includes a definition that will help reinforce your understanding of important concepts. Ideal for students looking to review their vocabulary in biology.

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