Biology Chapter: Types of Cells
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Questions and Answers

What is the name of the solution that surrounds all living cells?

  • Solvent
  • ECF (correct)
  • Solution
  • Solute

    • Which of the following is NOT an example of passive transport?

  • Facilitated Diffusion
  • Active Transport (correct)
  • Osmosis
  • Simple Diffusion

    • What is the term for the movement of water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane from a high concentration to a low concentration?

  • Simple Diffusion
  • Osmosis (correct)
  • Active Transport
  • Facilitated Diffusion

    • In an isotonic environment, which of the following is true?

    <p>The concentration of solute is the same inside and outside the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of molecules across a semi-permeable membrane with the help of a protein, but without the use of energy?

    <p>Facilitated diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a type of active transport that moves molecules against the concentration gradient?

    <p>Sodium-Potassium pump</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process where a cell takes in large molecules or particles by engulfing them in a membrane-bound vesicle?

    <p>Endocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which environment will a cell lose water and shrink?

    <p>Hypertonic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of the movement of solute molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration?

    <p>Diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two methods of facilitated diffusion?

    <p>Carrier protein and channel protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the diaphragm on a microscope?

    <p>To adjust the amount of light that strikes the object.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'resolution' refer to in microscopy?

    <p>The ability to distinguish between two objects close together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the stage clips on a microscope?

    <p>To hold the slide in place.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the low-power field diameter (Lpfd) is 2 mm and the high-power magnification (hpm) is 40x, what is the high-power field diameter (Hpfd)?

    <p>0.05 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    You are observing a specimen that measures 20 micrometers in diameter under a microscope. If the field of view diameter is 1.0 mm, how many of these specimens would fit across the field of view?

    <p>50</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of epithelial tissue?

    <p>Provides structure and support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the cell cycle is responsible for the replication of DNA?

    <p>S</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of stem cell can differentiate into any cell type in the body?

    <p>Totipotent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the cell cycle do cells carry out their normal functions?

    <p>Interphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a connective tissue?

    <p>Blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of cell division?

    <p>Decrease in cell size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the dermis?

    <p>To provide structure and support for the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the offspring produced by asexual reproduction compare genetically to the parent?

    <p>Offspring are genetically identical to the parent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of blood vessels?

    <p>Smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is an example of sexual reproduction?

    <p>A human being born from the union of an egg and sperm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the cambium layer in plants?

    <p>To produce new cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the epidermis?

    <p>Connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding stem cells?

    <p>Stem cells can divide and differentiate into specialized cell types.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of nervous tissue?

    <p>To conduct electrical impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a multipotent stem cell?

    <p>Hematopoietic stem cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the xylem in plants?

    <p>Transporting water and minerals from the roots to the leaves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a function of the skin?

    <p>Production of hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the stomata in plant leaves?

    <p>To regulate gas exchange and water vapor movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs?

    <p>Alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these structures helps to prevent food from entering the trachea?

    <p>Epiglottis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the meristematic tissue in plants?

    <p>Producing unspecialized cells that can differentiate into other tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a type of plant tissue?

    <p>Connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these processes is NOT involved in respiration?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the external intercostal muscles during inspiration?

    <p>To contract and pull the ribs upward and outward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a TRUE statement about the diffusion of gases in the lungs?

    <p>Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the blood, while carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the alveoli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during expiration in the respiratory system?

    <p>Decreased volume and increased pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the digestive system is primarily responsible for the breakdown of food using enzymes?

    <p>Stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function of the digestive system occurs after digestion?

    <p>Absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the villi in the small intestine?

    <p>To increase surface area for absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure connects the mouth to the stomach?

    <p>Esophagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of blood vessel is primarily responsible for carrying oxygenated blood away from the heart?

    <p>Arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of capillaries in the circulatory system?

    <p>To allow exchange of substances between blood and tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily occurs in the large intestine?

    <p>Absorption of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about arteries?

    <p>They shrink in diameter as they branch from the aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of egestion in the digestive system?

    <p>To remove waste from the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell?

    <p>Anaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Types of Cells

    • Eukaryotes are complex cells with a nucleus, found in both plant and animal cells.
    • Prokaryotes are simple cells without a nucleus, found in bacteria.

    Cell Membrane

    • Controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell.
    • Semi-permeable, allowing certain materials through and preventing others.

    Cell Wall

    • A rigid structure that surrounds and protects plant cells.
    • Made of cellulose.

    Ribosomes

    • Small structures that build proteins.
    • Necessary for all cell processes.

    Chloroplast

    • Found in plant cells.
    • Contains chlorophyll, involved in photosynthesis.

    DNA

    • A thread-like structure containing genetic/hereditary information.
    • Contains the genetic code.

    Cytoplasm

    • The area of the cell where nutrients are absorbed, transported, and processed.
    • Contains many chemical reactions and organelles.

    Cytoskeleton

    • A network of protein fibres that support the cell's shape and move organelles.

    Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

    • A series of canals carrying materials throughout the cell.
    • Rough ER has ribosomes attached and smooth ER makes fats and lipids.

    Golgi Apparatus

    • Stores proteins until needed.
    • Processes and packages materials to be moved inside or outside the cell.

    Lysosomes

    • Sac-like structures formed by the Golgi apparatus.
    • Break down large molecules.

    Mitochondria

    • Provide energy from cellular respiration.
    • Known as the "powerhouse" of the cell

    Nucleolus

    • A sphere within the nucleus involved in producing ribosomes

    Nucleus

    • The control center of the cell, directing all activities.
    • Contains chromosomes and DNA.

    Ribosomes

    • Build proteins essential for cell growth and reproduction.

    Vacuoles

    • Small compartments that store water and waste materials.
    • Larger in plant cells.

    Terminology

    • Solvent: The substance that dissolves other substances. (usually water)
    • Solute: The substance that dissolves in a solvent.

    Passive Transport

    • Movement of molecules across the semi-permeable membrane without energy.
    • Includes diffusion and osmosis (diffusion of water)

    Active Transport

    • Movement of molecules against a concentration gradient, that requires energy.

    Diffusion

    • Solutes move from high to low concentration areas.

    Osmosis

    • Water moves from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration.

    Cell Environments

    • Hypertonic: High solute, low water
    • Isotonic: Equal solute and water
    • Hypotonic: Low solute, high water

    Facilitated Diffusion

    • Movement of molecules across a semi-permeable membrane using a protein (channel or carrier protein) without energy.

    Active Transport

    • Uses proteins pumps to move materials against the concentration gradient.
    • Requires energy (ATP).

    Endocytosis

    • Bringing bulk chemicals into the cell by forming vesicles (bulges in the membrane)

    Exocytosis

    • Releasing bulk chemicals from the cell by creating vesicles outside the cell

    The Microscope

    • Devices used to view microscopic objects. Components of a compound microscope include the light source, diaphragm, objective lenses, ocular lens, stage, coarse adjustment knob and fine adjustment knob.

    Cell Division

    • Asexual reproduction creates genetically identical copies of the original cell. (single-celled or some multicellular)
    • Sexual reproduction uses sex cells and combines genetic material from two parents. A cell cycle has major phases interphase and mitosis, interphase is a series of phases allowing the cell to grow, duplicate and prepare for mitosis.

    Cell Respiration

    The process that releases energy from glucose in the presence of oxygen, transforming it into usable energy in the form of ATP, carbon dioxide and water

    3 Parts of Cell Cycle

    • G1: Cells grow.
    • S: DNA replicates.
    • G2: Cells prepare for division.

    Mitosis Process

    • Prophase: Chromosomes condense.
    • Metaphase: Chromosomes line up at the center.
    • Anaphase: Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles.
    • Telophase: Two new nuclei form.

    Cytokinesis

    • The separation of the cytoplasm, creating two separate daughter cells.

    Cell Specialisation

    • Cells in organisms having different functions and structures.
    • Stem cells are unspecialized cells, capable of differentiating into specialized cells under particular conditions. Types of stem cells: embryonic and adult stem cells.

    Plant Tissues

    • Epidermal
    • Vascular
    • Ground
    • Meristematic

    Animal Tissues

    • Epithelial (skin, lining of organs)
    • Muscular (movement)
    • Nervous (communication)
    • Connective (support, binding)

    Respiratory System

    • Organ system involved in gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide).

    Digestive System

    • Processes ingested nutrients from the environment.

    Circulatory System

    • Carries blood, nutrients, and oxygen through the body.

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    Description

    This quiz covers essential concepts related to cell types, including eukaryotes and prokaryotes, as well as their structures and functions. It highlights the roles of cell membranes, walls, ribosomes, chloroplasts, DNA, cytoplasm, and the cytoskeleton in cellular processes. Test your knowledge about these fundamental biological components.

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