Biology: Cellular Respiration and Plant Transport

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary driving force for water transportation in plants during the daytime?

Transpiration pull

What is the function of xylem cells in roots?

To transport water and minerals from the soil

What happens to water in plants due to transpiration?

Water is released into the atmosphere as water vapour

What is the role of root pressure in plants?

To force water into the xylem cells of roots at night Signup and view all the answers

What are the two conducting tissues in highly organised plants?

Xylem and phloem Signup and view all the answers

During the night, which process becomes more important for water transportation in plants?

Root pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the transport system in human beings?

To transport oxygen, digested food, and hormones to body parts Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the heart in the transport system?

To receive deoxygenated blood and pump it to lungs for oxygenation Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of villi in the small intestine?

To increase the surface area for absorption Signup and view all the answers

Why do aquatic organisms need to have a higher rate of breathing?

Because they live in oxygen-poor environments Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which water enters the sieve tubes of phloem tissue?

Osmosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy source used for the movement of food in phloem?

Energy from ATP Signup and view all the answers

Why do terrestrial organisms require less breathing effort?

Because they live in oxygen-rich environments Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of having villi in the small intestine?

To increase the surface area for absorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the increase in pressure in phloem tissue?

Food is transported to all parts of the plant Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of food movement in phloem tissue?

From leaves to all parts of the plant Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of root hairs in plants?

To absorb water and minerals from the soil Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are responsible for transporting water and minerals in plants?

Xylem cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the difference in ion concentration between the roots and soil in plants?

Water is gained by the plant Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the conducting channel formed by xylem cells in plants?

To transport water and minerals from the roots to the leaves Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism by which water and minerals move from one cell to another in plants?

Osmosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the xylem cells in the stems of plants?

To transport water and minerals from the roots to the leaves Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the movement of water and minerals from one cell to another in plants?

A steady movement of water into the xylem Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Transportation in Plants and Animals

Transportation in Plants

Plants transport water and minerals through xylem cells from soil to leaves.
Xylem cells in roots, stems, and leaves are interconnected to form a conducting channel.
Root cells take ions from the soil, creating a concentration difference between roots and soil, which leads to osmosis.
Osmotic pressure builds up, causing a steady movement of water into the xylem.
Transpiration creates suction pressure, forcing water into xylem cells of roots.

Transportation in Animals

In humans, the transport system (circulatory system) consists of heart, blood, and blood vessels.
Blood vessels:
- Function: transport blood pumped by the heart and returns it to the heart.
- Types: arteries, veins, and capillaries.
Heart:
- Function: receives deoxygenated blood from body parts, transports it to lungs, and pumps purified blood to body parts.
Blood:
- Function: transports oxygen, digested food, carbon dioxide, hormones, and nitrogenous waste.
- Protects the body from diseases and regulates body temperature.

Comparison of Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Nutrition

Autotrophic nutrition:
- Occurs in plants, which produce their own food through photosynthesis.
Heterotrophic nutrition:
- Occurs in animals, which obtain energy by consuming other organisms.

Respiration in Aquatic and Terrestrial Organisms

Aquatic organisms:
- Use oxygen dissolved in surrounding water, which has a low concentration.
- Have a higher rate of breathing.
Terrestrial organisms:
- Acquire oxygen from the oxygen-rich atmosphere through respiratory organs.
- Can work less with breathing rate than aquatic organisms.

Lungs in Human Beings

Designed to maximize the area for exchange of gases.
Air passage differentiates into smaller tubes (bronchi), which form bronchioles.
Bronchioles terminate in balloon-like structures (alveoli), which provide maximum surface area for exchange of gases.

Food Transportation in Plants

Occurs through phloem tissue using energy from ATP.
Food (sugar) made in leaves is loaded into sieve tubes of phloem tissue.
Water enters sieve tubes by osmosis, increasing pressure, which transports food to all parts of the plant.