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Questions and Answers
What type of fertilization do most species of frogs exhibit?
What type of fertilization do most species of frogs exhibit?
What term describes the process where females release eggs and males release sperm simultaneously?
What term describes the process where females release eggs and males release sperm simultaneously?
Which of the following statements is true about oviparity?
Which of the following statements is true about oviparity?
What distinguishes viviparity from oviparity?
What distinguishes viviparity from oviparity?
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Which mammals are known to lay eggs?
Which mammals are known to lay eggs?
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Within embryonic development, which type of viviparity relies on nutrients from the mother’s tissues?
Within embryonic development, which type of viviparity relies on nutrients from the mother’s tissues?
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What is the primary purpose of reproduction in living organisms?
What is the primary purpose of reproduction in living organisms?
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Which of the following animals primarily exhibits ovuliparity?
Which of the following animals primarily exhibits ovuliparity?
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Which of the following describes sexual reproduction?
Which of the following describes sexual reproduction?
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What is a key characteristic of marsupials in relation to viviparity?
What is a key characteristic of marsupials in relation to viviparity?
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What term is used to describe a male gamete?
What term is used to describe a male gamete?
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How do gametes differ from other cells in terms of chromosome number?
How do gametes differ from other cells in terms of chromosome number?
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What is the process called when two gametes unite?
What is the process called when two gametes unite?
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What is the term for the fertilized cell produced after fertilization?
What is the term for the fertilized cell produced after fertilization?
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Which of the following fertilization types occurs outside the female body?
Which of the following fertilization types occurs outside the female body?
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In internal fertilization, how may the male sperm be deposited?
In internal fertilization, how may the male sperm be deposited?
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What is the primary characteristic of histotrophic viviparity?
What is the primary characteristic of histotrophic viviparity?
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Which of the following describes the process of oophagy?
Which of the following describes the process of oophagy?
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What does adelphophagy refer to?
What does adelphophagy refer to?
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Which type of viviparity is characterized by the development of fetuses connected to a placenta?
Which type of viviparity is characterized by the development of fetuses connected to a placenta?
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Which of the following best describes ovoviviparity?
Which of the following best describes ovoviviparity?
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Which animal is known to exhibit ovoviviparity?
Which animal is known to exhibit ovoviviparity?
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What is one advantage of viviparity in mammals?
What is one advantage of viviparity in mammals?
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What distinguishes viviparity from oviparity?
What distinguishes viviparity from oviparity?
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What characterizes a sequential hermaphrodite?
What characterizes a sequential hermaphrodite?
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Which statement is true about simultaneous hermaphrodites?
Which statement is true about simultaneous hermaphrodites?
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What is parthenogenesis?
What is parthenogenesis?
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Which of the following organisms is an example of one that can reproduce by parthenogenesis?
Which of the following organisms is an example of one that can reproduce by parthenogenesis?
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What do obligate parthenogens do?
What do obligate parthenogens do?
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What is a common trait of spontaneous parthenogens?
What is a common trait of spontaneous parthenogens?
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Which method is NOT a form of asexual reproduction?
Which method is NOT a form of asexual reproduction?
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How might spontaneous parthenogenesis be inherited?
How might spontaneous parthenogenesis be inherited?
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Study Notes
Reproduction - Continuity of Species
- Ensures the continuity of species
- Sexual reproduction involves two parents contributing genetic information to produce unique offspring.
- Asexual reproduction involves a single parent producing offspring identical to the parent.
Gametes
- Male gametes are called spermatozoa or sperm cells.
- Female gametes are called ova or egg cells.
- Gametes are haploid cells, containing half the number of chromosomes found in other cells.
Fertilization
- Two gametes unite during fertilization, forming a zygote.
- A zygote is a diploid cell, having twice the number of chromosomes derived from each gamete.
Types of Fertilization
- Internal fertilization occurs when sperm is deposited directly inside the female during mating or in the environment, later picked up by the female to be deposited in her reproductive tract.
- External fertilization occurs when gametes fuse outside the female's body, typically in aquatic environments.
Types of Sexual Reproduction
- Ovuliparity is observed in a wide range of animals, from reptiles and birds to some species of fish and insects.
- Oviparity involves laying shelled eggs externally that hatch outside the body.
- Viviparity involves giving birth to live young with internal development.
- Ovoviviparity involves hatching eggs internally and giving birth to live young after internal development.
Types of Viviparity
- Histotrophic viviparity: involves the fetus developing in the womb but relying on nutrients from other tissues like a mother's pouch or consuming eggs produced by the mother's ovaries.
- Hemotrophic viviparity involves the fetus developing in a uterus and receiving nutrients from a placenta via an umbilical cord, as observed in most mammals including humans.
Hermaphrodites
- Hermaphrodites possess both male and female reproductive organs.
- Sequential hermaphrodites can change sex at some point in their life and produce either eggs or sperm over their lifetime.
- Simultaneous hermaphrodites possess both male and female reproductive organs and can produce both types of gametes.
Methods of Asexual Reproduction
- Binary fission involves a single cell splitting to produce two identical offspring.
- Fragmentation involves a parent organism breaking into fragments, each capable of developing into a complete individual.
- Budding involves a new organism developing from an outgrowth or bud on the parent organism.
Parthenogenesis: "Virgin Birth"
- Parthenogenesis occurs when females produce embryos without fertilization by sperm.
- Obligate parthenogens reproduce exclusively through parthenogenesis whereas spontaneous parthenogens typically reproduce sexually.
- Parthenogenesis is often seen in insects, reptiles, and amphibians.
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Description
Explore the essential concepts of reproduction in this quiz. Understand the differences between sexual and asexual reproduction, the types of fertilization, and the formation of gametes. Test your knowledge on how these processes contribute to the continuity of species.
