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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of the sperm's acrosome?
What is the primary purpose of the sperm's acrosome?
- To assist in the penetration of the oocyte (correct)
- To store excess DNA
- To protect the sperm from acidic environments
- To provide energy for movement
How long can sperm survive inside the female reproductive tract?
How long can sperm survive inside the female reproductive tract?
- 1 week
- 48 hours
- 72 hours (correct)
- 24 hours
Where does fertilization mainly occur in the female reproductive system?
Where does fertilization mainly occur in the female reproductive system?
- In the uterus
- In the vagina
- In the ampulla of the oviduct (correct)
- In the cervix
What happens to the secondary oocyte if fertilization does not occur?
What happens to the secondary oocyte if fertilization does not occur?
What is the structure of the sperm's head primarily composed of?
What is the structure of the sperm's head primarily composed of?
Which component of the sperm provides the necessary energy for its movement?
Which component of the sperm provides the necessary energy for its movement?
What is the approximate length of a sperm's head?
What is the approximate length of a sperm's head?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the sperm's DNA structure?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the sperm's DNA structure?
What structures surround the axial filament in sperm?
What structures surround the axial filament in sperm?
Which component does NOT contribute to the energy supply in sperm?
Which component does NOT contribute to the energy supply in sperm?
Which statement about oocyte mitochondria is correct?
Which statement about oocyte mitochondria is correct?
What is the primary function of the tail in sperm?
What is the primary function of the tail in sperm?
What is a key characteristic of the germinal vesicle found in oocytes?
What is a key characteristic of the germinal vesicle found in oocytes?
During which process do sperm undergo biochemical changes in the female reproductive tract?
During which process do sperm undergo biochemical changes in the female reproductive tract?
Which factor helps to guide sperm towards the zona pellucida?
Which factor helps to guide sperm towards the zona pellucida?
What is the result of the changes that occur in sperm during capacitation?
What is the result of the changes that occur in sperm during capacitation?
What is the primary role of cholesterol removal during sperm capacitation?
What is the primary role of cholesterol removal during sperm capacitation?
What is the primary purpose of the cortical reaction in fertilization?
What is the primary purpose of the cortical reaction in fertilization?
Which enzyme is activated by calcium and bicarbonate ions during the sperm's capacitation?
Which enzyme is activated by calcium and bicarbonate ions during the sperm's capacitation?
Which glycoprotein on the zona pellucida interacts with sperm to initiate the acrosome reaction?
Which glycoprotein on the zona pellucida interacts with sperm to initiate the acrosome reaction?
What triggers the completion of the second meiotic division in the oocyte?
What triggers the completion of the second meiotic division in the oocyte?
What results from the completion of meiosis in the oocyte?
What results from the completion of meiosis in the oocyte?
What is the function of enzymes released during the acrosome reaction?
What is the function of enzymes released during the acrosome reaction?
What marks the beginning of a new individual’s genetic information during fertilization?
What marks the beginning of a new individual’s genetic information during fertilization?
What is the role of IZUMO1 protein on the sperm?
What is the role of IZUMO1 protein on the sperm?
Which process helps ensure that only one sperm fertilizes the oocyte?
Which process helps ensure that only one sperm fertilizes the oocyte?
What happens to the membranes of the sperm and oocyte during fertilization?
What happens to the membranes of the sperm and oocyte during fertilization?
What role do calcium waves play shortly after sperm entry into the oocyte?
What role do calcium waves play shortly after sperm entry into the oocyte?
What mechanism prevents polyspermy during fertilization?
What mechanism prevents polyspermy during fertilization?
What happens immediately after the fusion of the sperm and oocyte plasma membranes?
What happens immediately after the fusion of the sperm and oocyte plasma membranes?
Which of the following statements about the zona pellucida is correct?
Which of the following statements about the zona pellucida is correct?
Which protein interaction is crucial for the fusion of sperm and oocyte during fertilization?
Which protein interaction is crucial for the fusion of sperm and oocyte during fertilization?
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Study Notes
Fertilization
- Fertilization is the fusion of the male and female gametes, resulting in a diploid zygote.
- The zygote is the single cell from which a new individual organism develops.
- Fertilization occurs in the ampulla of the oviduct.
Sperm - The Male Gamete
- Sperm consists of three parts: a head, a midpiece, and a tail.
- The head contains DNA and enzymes necessary for penetrating the oocyte.
- The midpiece contains mitochondria for energy production.
- The tail enables sperm movement.
Oocyte - The Female Gamete
- The oocyte is a large cell with a large, active nucleus.
- It is rich in cytoplasm and contains numerous organelles and proteins.
- The oocyte is also filled with mitochondria, vital for energy production during development.
Sperm-Oocyte Encounter
- The oocyte releases chemical signals, like progesterone, that attract sperm.
- This process is called chemotaxis.
- Temperature differences in the fallopian tubes also influence sperm movement, known as thermotaxis.
Sperm Capacitation
- Capacitation is a maturation process that sperm undergo in the female reproductive tract.
- The sperm plasma membrane changes during capacitation.
- These changes increase sperm motility, making it capable of penetrating the oocyte's plasma membrane.
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