Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of glycogen in animals and fungi?
What is the primary function of glycogen in animals and fungi?
Starch is the storage polysaccharide in animals and fungi.
Starch is the storage polysaccharide in animals and fungi.
False
What type of organelles store starch granules in plant cells?
What type of organelles store starch granules in plant cells?
Plastids
The helical structure of ______ in starch allows it to be compact and efficient for storage.
The helical structure of ______ in starch allows it to be compact and efficient for storage.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the polysaccharides with their primary source:
Match the polysaccharides with their primary source:
Signup and view all the answers
What property of water allows it to transport substances effectively?
What property of water allows it to transport substances effectively?
Signup and view all the answers
Cohesion refers to the attraction of water molecules to different substances.
Cohesion refers to the attraction of water molecules to different substances.
Signup and view all the answers
What happens to sodium and chloride ions when dissolved in water?
What happens to sodium and chloride ions when dissolved in water?
Signup and view all the answers
Water is known for its strong _________ property, which is the attraction of water molecules to each other.
Water is known for its strong _________ property, which is the attraction of water molecules to each other.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following terms related to water properties with their definitions:
Match the following terms related to water properties with their definitions:
Signup and view all the answers
What is the effect of hydrogen bonds on the flow of water molecules?
What is the effect of hydrogen bonds on the flow of water molecules?
Signup and view all the answers
Water's ability to dissolve many types of ions and polar substances makes it known as a universal solvent.
Water's ability to dissolve many types of ions and polar substances makes it known as a universal solvent.
Signup and view all the answers
What role does adhesion play in the behavior of water in a vessel?
What role does adhesion play in the behavior of water in a vessel?
Signup and view all the answers
Which polysaccharide is known for its unbranched, helix-shaped chain structure?
Which polysaccharide is known for its unbranched, helix-shaped chain structure?
Signup and view all the answers
Amylopectin has a more branched structure compared to glycogen.
Amylopectin has a more branched structure compared to glycogen.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of starch in plants?
What is the primary function of starch in plants?
Signup and view all the answers
Glycogen contains both _____ and _____ glycosidic bonds.
Glycogen contains both _____ and _____ glycosidic bonds.
Signup and view all the answers
Why is starch considered an insoluble polysaccharide?
Why is starch considered an insoluble polysaccharide?
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following characteristics with the correct polysaccharide:
Match the following characteristics with the correct polysaccharide:
Signup and view all the answers
Amylose can be hydrolyzed into glucose molecules during cellular respiration.
Amylose can be hydrolyzed into glucose molecules during cellular respiration.
Signup and view all the answers
What structural feature of glycogen allows for quick storage and release of glucose?
What structural feature of glycogen allows for quick storage and release of glucose?
Signup and view all the answers
What does Benedict's reagent test for?
What does Benedict's reagent test for?
Signup and view all the answers
A positive Benedict's test shows no color change if reducing sugar is present.
A positive Benedict's test shows no color change if reducing sugar is present.
Signup and view all the answers
What type of sugar is capable of donating electrons?
What type of sugar is capable of donating electrons?
Signup and view all the answers
Benedict's reagent contains copper (II) sulfate ions, which are represented by the formula __________.
Benedict's reagent contains copper (II) sulfate ions, which are represented by the formula __________.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the final product when a reducing sugar reacts with Benedict's reagent?
What is the final product when a reducing sugar reacts with Benedict's reagent?
Signup and view all the answers
List one practical apparatus needed for conducting the Benedict's test.
List one practical apparatus needed for conducting the Benedict's test.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the color with the concentration of reducing sugar detected by Benedict's test:
Match the color with the concentration of reducing sugar detected by Benedict's test:
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of a colourimeter?
What is the function of a colourimeter?
Signup and view all the answers
During the Benedict's test, it is recommended to use an excess of Benedict's solution to ensure that there is more than enough __________ present to react with the sugar.
During the Benedict's test, it is recommended to use an excess of Benedict's solution to ensure that there is more than enough __________ present to react with the sugar.
Signup and view all the answers
A greater absorbance value indicates a stronger color intensity in the sample.
A greater absorbance value indicates a stronger color intensity in the sample.
Signup and view all the answers
What should a colorimeter read when a blank is placed inside?
What should a colorimeter read when a blank is placed inside?
Signup and view all the answers
The colorimeter uses __________ to control the light wavelength emitted.
The colorimeter uses __________ to control the light wavelength emitted.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following colors with their corresponding solution reactions:
Match the following colors with their corresponding solution reactions:
Signup and view all the answers
Which color filter would be used for measuring the absorbance of an orange solution?
Which color filter would be used for measuring the absorbance of an orange solution?
Signup and view all the answers
Colorimeters do not need calibration once set up.
Colorimeters do not need calibration once set up.
Signup and view all the answers
What do the absorbance values create when plotted against known concentrations?
What do the absorbance values create when plotted against known concentrations?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary purpose of using a colourimeter?
What is the primary purpose of using a colourimeter?
Signup and view all the answers
Glycosidic bonds are formed through hydrolysis reactions.
Glycosidic bonds are formed through hydrolysis reactions.
Signup and view all the answers
What is released during the formation of a glycosidic bond?
What is released during the formation of a glycosidic bond?
Signup and view all the answers
The process of bonding monosaccharides to form larger carbohydrates is called ______.
The process of bonding monosaccharides to form larger carbohydrates is called ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following types of glycosidic bonds with their corresponding carbon locations:
Match the following types of glycosidic bonds with their corresponding carbon locations:
Signup and view all the answers
How do polysaccharides influence osmotic processes?
How do polysaccharides influence osmotic processes?
Signup and view all the answers
The calibration curve is used to estimate the concentration of known solutions.
The calibration curve is used to estimate the concentration of known solutions.
Signup and view all the answers
What determines the type of glycosidic bond formed between monosaccharides?
What determines the type of glycosidic bond formed between monosaccharides?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Biological Molecules
- Water is the medium for metabolic reactions and substance transport.
- Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen atoms.
- Covalent bonds form between oxygen and hydrogen atoms.
- Uneven electron sharing creates a polar molecule (δ+ hydrogen, δ− oxygen).
- Hydrogen bonds form between adjacent water molecules due to polarity.
- Water's dipole nature facilitates substance transport.
- Cohesion is the attraction between water molecules.
- Adhesion is the attraction between water and other molecules.
- Water's properties (cohesion and adhesion) allow for effective fluid transport.
- Water is a good solvent for polar and ionic substances.
- Water molecules surround charged particles (hydration).
- Dissolved substances are more chemically reactive.
- Metabolites are transported efficiently in a dissolved state.
1.2 Saccharides
- Carbohydrates are carbon-based compounds (C, H, O).
- Carbon atoms form covalent bonds, making them stable.
- Carbohydrates are categorized as monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.
- Monosaccharides are the monomers of carbohydrates.
- Monosaccharides are simple sugars with varying carbon numbers (e.g., triose, pentose, hexose).
- Disaccharides form when two monosaccharides join via a condensation reaction, forming a glycosidic bond.
- Polysaccharides are polymer chains of monosaccharides.
- Starch is a plant storage polysaccharide (amylose and amylopectin).
- Glycogen is an animal storage polysaccharide (highly branched).
1.3 Core Practical 1: Estimating the Concentration of Sugars & Starch
- Qualitative analysis for reducing sugars uses Benedict's reagent.
- Reducing sugars react with copper(II) sulfate, reducing it to copper(I) oxide, forming a colored precipitate.
- Quantitative analysis uses a colourimeter and serial dilutions of known sugar concentrations.
- Qualitative analysis for starch uses iodine solution.
- Starch reacts with iodine to form a blue-black complex.
- Quantitative analysis for starch uses a colourimeter and serial dilutions of known starch concentrations.
1.4 Condensation & Hydrolysis
- Condensation reactions form new bonds between molecules by releasing water.
- Glycosidic bonds form when two monosaccharides join via condensation, eliminating water.
- Hydrolysis reactions break bonds by adding water.
- Hydrolysis breaks glycosidic bonds, releasing monosaccharides.
1.5 Triglycerides & Ester Bonds
- Lipids comprise carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, with a lower oxygen proportion than carbohydrates
- Lipids are nonpolar and hydrophobic, insoluble in water.
- Triglycerides are a main type of lipid, formed from glycerol and fatty acids via ester bonds.
- Glycerol is an alcohol; fatty acids contain a hydrocarbon chain and a carboxyl group.
- Ester bonds form between the carboxyl group of fatty acids and the hydroxyl group of glycerol via condensation.
- Saturated fatty acids lack double bonds, while unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz evaluates your understanding of the functions and properties of polysaccharides and water. Topics include glycogen, starch, water's cohesive and adhesive properties, and how these substances interact in biological systems. Test your knowledge on their roles in animals, fungi, and plants.
