Biology Chapter on Urinary and Endocrine Systems
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following hormones is not produced by the pituitary gland?

  • Growth Hormone
  • Insulin (correct)
  • Oxytocin
  • Prolactin

What is the primary function of the thin descending limb of the loop of Henle?

  • Reabsorption of sodium
  • Reabsorption of water (correct)
  • Secretion of potassium
  • Secretion of urea

Which of the following is a characteristic of anabolism?

  • Releases energy
  • Occurs primarily in the digestive system
  • Breaks down complex molecules into simpler ones
  • Involves the synthesis of new molecules (correct)

Which of the following is true about the external urethral sphincter?

<p>It is an involuntary muscle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a direct effect of a deficiency of Calcitriol in children?

<p>Rickets (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a lipid derivative hormone?

<p>Testosterone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a function of the liver in metabolism?

<p>Filtering blood from the digestive system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the hypothalamus in the endocrine system?

<p>Regulating the release of hormones from the pituitary gland (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes type 1 diabetes?

<p>The body does not produce enough insulin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct sequence of the four stages of mitosis?

<p>Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?

<p>Maintain fluid balance and protect against infection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system?

<p>Produce red blood cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are primarily involved in the immune response?

<p>White blood cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the spleen in the lymphatic system?

<p>Filter blood and help fight infections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of T cells in the immune system?

<p>Attack infected cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is lymphedema?

<p>Swelling due to lymph accumulation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of lymph nodes in the lymphatic system?

<p>Filter lymph and trap pathogens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the tonsils in the immune system?

<p>Trap and remove pathogens entering the throat (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the thymus in the lymphatic system?

<p>Maturation of T cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Loop of Henle composition

Comprised of the thin descending limb and thick ascending limb.

Liver location

Located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen.

Ureter function

Connects the kidney to the bladder.

External urethral sphincter

A voluntary muscle controlling urine flow.

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Pituitary gland hormones

Secretes 9 hormones in total.

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Amino acid derivatives

One of three hormone structure types.

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Main function of hypothalamus

Sends signals to the pituitary to control hormones.

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Diabetes type 1

Condition where the pancreas is insulin resistant.

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Mitochondrial disease

A condition where mitochondria can't generate energy.

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Metabolism purpose

Balances energy production and usage in the body.

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Types of muscle tissue

Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle tissues in the body.

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Covalent bond

A bond formed when two molecules share electrons to achieve stability.

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Molecule

A molecule is one or more elements bonded together.

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Lymph

A fluid containing white blood cells that circulates through lymphatic vessels.

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Spleen's role

Filters blood and helps fight infections within the lymphatic system.

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Primary function of lymphatic system

To maintain fluid balance and protect against infection.

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Cells in immune response

White blood cells are primarily involved in the immune response.

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Role of lymph nodes

Filter lymph and trap pathogens to protect the body.

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Function of T cells

T cells attack infected cells as part of the immune response.

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Thymus role

The thymus is involved in the maturation of T cells.

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Study Notes

Urinary System

  • The loop of Henle is composed of a thin descending limb and a thick ascending limb.
  • The liver is located in the right upper quadrant.
  • The ureter connects the kidney to the bladder.
  • The external urethral sphincter is a voluntary muscle. (True)
  • The digestive tract signals hormones for hunger and fullness. (True)

Endocrine System

  • The pituitary gland secretes 9 hormones.
  • Hormones can be classified as amino acid derivatives, peptide hormones, or lipid derivatives.
  • Oxytocin can control bleeding after childbirth.
  • The hypothalamus sends signals to the pituitary gland to control hormone release.
  • Type 1 diabetes involves the pancreas not producing or using insulin correctly.
  • The heart releases atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP).
  • Rickets is caused by a lack of calcitriol in children.
  • Menopause is an age-related effect of decreased female sex hormones.

Metabolism and Energetics

  • Metabolism is the process of energy transformation in the body.
  • The goal of metabolism is to balance energy production and use.
  • Anabolism creates new molecules for growth and repair.
  • Catabolism breaks down fats, carbohydrates, and proteins.
  • The liver detoxifies harmful substances. (True)
  • Kidneys regulate fluid, pH, and electrolytes during metabolism.
  • Cellular respiration captures about 40% of energy released during catabolism as ATP.
  • Cellular respiration provides most of the ATP in cells. (True)
  • Diabetes is a metabolic disorder where the body does not produce or use insulin properly.
  • Mitochondrial disease occurs when mitochondria fail to generate energy.

Cell Biology and Anatomy

  • PMAT stands for Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, the four phases of mitosis.
  • Atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
  • Muscle tissue types are skeletal, cardiac, and smooth.
  • Covalent bonds form when molecules share electrons.
  • A molecule is formed by bonded elements.

Lymphatic/Immune System

  • Lymph is a fluid with white blood cells in lymphatic vessels.
  • The spleen filters blood and fights infections.
  • The lymphatic system maintains fluid balance and protects against infection.
  • White blood cells are the main immune response cells.
  • Lymph nodes filter lymph and trap pathogens.
  • T cells attack infected cells.
  • Tonsils trap and remove pathogens that enter the throat.
  • Lymphatic vessels collect and transport lymph.
  • Lymphedema is caused by lymph accumulation that leads to swelling.
  • The thymus is responsible for the maturation of T cells.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the urinary and endocrine systems, including key organ functions and hormone regulation. This quiz covers essential concepts in metabolism and energetics as well. Prepare to challenge your understanding of human biology!

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